Skip to main content
Log in

An overview of psychiatric symptoms in Huntington’s disease

  • Published:
Current Psychiatry Reports Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an inherited autosomal dominant disorder characterized by neurologic, cognitive, and psychiatric symptomatology. Psychiatric symptoms in HD are often amenable to treatment, and relief of these symptoms may provide significant improvement in quality of life. This review will briefly describe neurologic, neuropsychologic and brain imaging data, and then review psychiatric syndromes seen in HD and their treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References and Recommended Reading

  1. Harper PS: The epidemiology of Huntington’s disease. Hum Gen 1992, 89:365–376.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Shiwach R: Psychopathology in Huntington’s disease patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1994, 90:241–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Huntington’s Disease Collaborative Research Group: A novel gene containing a trinucleotide repeat that is expanded and unstable on Huntington’s disease chromosomes. Cell, 1993, 72:971–983.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Kremer B, Goldberg P, Andrew S, et al.: A worldwide study of the Huntington’s disease mutation. N Engl J Med 1994, 330:1401–1406. 5. Folstein SE: Huntington’s Disease: A Disorder of Families, edn 1. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press; 1989.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Andrew S, Goldberg P, Kremer B, et al.: The relationship between trinucleotide (CAG) repeat length and clinical features of Huntington’s disease. Nat Gen 1993, 4:398–403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Hersch SM, Ferrante RJ: Neuropathology and pathophysiology of Huntington’s disease. In Movement Disorders: Neurologic Principles and Practice. Edited by Watts RL, Koller WC. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Hedreen JC, Folstein SE: Early loss of neostriatal striosome neurons in Huntington’s disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1995, 54:105–120.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Turjanski N, Weeks R, Dolan R, et al.: Striatal D1 and D2 receptor binding in patients with Huntington’s disease and other choreas: a PET study. Brain 1995, 118:689–696.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Ginovart N, Lundin A, Farde L, et al.: PET study of pre- and post-synaptic dopaminergic markers for the neurodegenerative process in Huntington’s disease. Brain 1997, 120:503–514.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kremer B, Clark CM, Almqvist EW, et al.: Influence of lamotrigine on progression of early Huntington disease: a randomized clinical trial. Neurology 1999, 53:1000–1011.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Shoulson I, Odoroff C, Oakes D, et al.: A controlled clinical trial of baclofen as protective therapy in early Huntington’s disease. Ann Neurol 1989, 25:252–259.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Huntington Study Group (HSG): Safety and tolerability of the free-radical scavenger OPC-14117 in Huntington’s disease. Neurology 1998, 50:1366–1373.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Huntington Study Group (HSG): A randomized, placebocontrolled trial of coenzyme Q10 and ramacemide in Huntington’s disease. Neurology 2001, 57:397–404.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bachoud-Levi AC, Remy P, Nguyen JP, et al.: Motor and cognitive improvements in patients with Huntington’s disease after neural transplantation. Lancet 2000, 356:1975–1979.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Brandt J: Cognitive impairments in Huntington’s disease: insights into the neuropsychology of the striatum. In Handbook of Neuropsychology, vol 5. Edited by Corkin S, Grafman J, Boller F. Amsterdam; Elsevier Publishers; 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Weingartner H, Caine ED, Ebert MH: Imagery, encoding, and retrieval of information from memory: some specific encoding--retrieval changes in Huntington’s disease. J Abnorm Psychol 1979, 88:52–58.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Butters N: The clinical aspects of memory disorders: contributions from experimental studies of amnesia and dementia. J Clin Neuropsychol 1984, 6:17–36.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Josiassen RC, Curry LM, Mancall EL: Development of neuropsychological deficits in Huntington’s disease. Arch Neurol 1983, 40:791–796.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fisher JM, Kennedy JL, Caine ED, Shoulson I: Dementia in Huntington disease: a cross-sectional analysis of intellectual decline. In The Dementias. Edited by Mayeux R, Rosen RM. New York: Raven Press; 1983:229–238.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Moskowitz CB, Marder K: Palliative care for people with late-stage Huntington’s disease. Neurol Clin 2001, 19:1–17.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Knopman D, Nissen MJ: Procedural learning is impaired in Huntington’s disease: evidence from the Serial Reaction Time Task. Neuropsychologia 1991, 29:245–254.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Nance M, Myers R: Trends in predictive and prenatal testing for Huntington’s disease 1993–1999. Am J Hum Genet 2000, 54:A406.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hersch S, Jones R, Koroshetz W, Quaid K: The neurogenetics genie: testing for the Huntington’s disease mutation. Neurology 1994, 44:1369–1373.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Almqvist EW, Bloch M, Brinkman R, et al.: A worldwide assessment of the frequency of suicide, suicide attempts, or psychiatric hospitalization after predictive testing for Huntington disease. Am J Hum Genet 1999, 64:1293–1304.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Harris GJ, Pearlson GD, Peyser CE, et al.: Putamen volume reduction on magnetic resonance imaging exceeds caudate changes in mild Huntington’s disease. Ann Neurol 1992, 31:69–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Aylward EH, Li Q, Stine OC, et al.: Longitundinal change in basal ganglia volume in patients with Huntington’s disease. Neurology 1997, 48:394–399.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Aylward EH, Anderson NB, Bylsma F, et al.: Frontal lobe volume in patients with Huntington’s disease. Neurology 1998, 50:252–258.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Kuhl DE, Phelps ME, Markham CH, et al.: Cerebral metabolism and atrophy in Huntington’s disease determined by 18FDG and computed tomographic scan. Ann Neurol 1982, 12:425–434.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Berent S, Giordani B, Lehtinen S, et al.: Positron emission tomographic scan of investigations of Huntington’s disease: cerebral metabolic correlates of cognitive function. Ann Neurol 1988, 23:541–546.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Young AB, Penney JB, Starosta-Rubinstein S, et al.: PET scan investigations of Huntington’s disease: cerebral metabolic correlates of neurological features and functional decline. Ann Neurol 1986, 20:296–303.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Antonini A, Leenders KL, Spiegel R, et al.: Striatal glucose metabolism and dopamine D2 receptor binding in asymptomatic gene carriers and patients with Huntington’s disease. Brain 1996, 119:2085–2095.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Mayberg HS, Starkstein SE, Peyser CE, et al.: Paralimbic frontal lobe hypometabolism in depression associated with Huntington’s disease. Neurology 1992, 42:1791–1797.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Kuwert T, Lange HW, Langen KJ, et al.: Cerebral glucose consumption measured by PET in patients with and without psychiatric symptoms of Huntington’s Disease. Psychiatry Res 1989, 29:361–362.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Huntington Study Group (HSG): Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale: reliability and consistency. Mov Disord 1996, 11:136–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Zappacosta B, Monza D, Meoni C, et al.: Psychiatric symptoms do not correlate with cognitive decline, motor symptoms, or CAG repeat length in Huntington’s disease. Arch Neurol 1996, 53:493–497.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Weigell-Weber M, Schmid W, Spiegel R: Psychiatric symptoms and CAG expansion in Huntington’s disease. Am J Med Genet 1996, 67:53–57.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Pflanz S, Besson JAO, Ebmeier KP, Simpson S: The clinical manifestation of mental disorder in Huntington’s disease: a retrospective case record study of disease progression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1991, 83:53–60.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Nance MA, Sanders G: Characteristics of individuals with Huntington’s disease in long-term care. Mov Disord 1996, 11:542–548.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Marder KS, Zhao H, Myers RH, et al.: Rate of functional decline in Huntington’s disease: Huntington Study Group. Neurology 2000, 54:452–458. In this study of 960 Huntington’s patients, longer disease duration and better neuropsychologic performance at baseline were associated with less rapid decline of function. The percent of patients in this study reportidy psychiatric ronditions including depression / anxiety, suicidal thoughts, obsessive / compulsive symptoms, aggressive behavior, and delusions is examined.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ranen NG, Peyser CE, Folstein SE: A Physician’s Guide to the Management of Huntington’s Disease: Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions. New York: Huntington’s Disease Society of America: 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Como PG, Rubin AJ, O’Brien CF, et al.: A controlled trial of fluoxetine in nondepressed patients with Huntington’s disease. Mov Disord 1997, 12:397–401.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Caine ED, Shoulson I: Psychiatric syndromes in Huntington’s disease. Am J Psychiatry 1983, 140:728–733.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Slaughter JR, Martens MP, Slaughter KA: Depression and Huntington’s disease: prevalence, clinical manifestations, etiology, and treatment. CNS Spectrums 2001, 6:306–326.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Levy ML, Cummings JL, Fairbanks LA, et al.: Apathy is not depression. J Neuropsych Clin Neurosci 1998, 10:314–319.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Folstein SE, Abbott MH, Chase GA, et al.: The association of affective disorder with Huntington’s disease in a case series and in families. Psychol Med 1983, 13:537–542.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Jensen P, Sørensen SA, Fenger K, Bolwig TG: A study of psychiatric morbidity in patients with Huntington’s disease, their relatives, and controls: admissions to psychiatric hospitals in Denmark from 1969–1991. Br J Psychiatry 1993, 163:790–797.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Krishnan KRR, McDonald WM, Escalona PR, et al.: Magnetic resonance imaging of the caudate nuclei in depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1992, 49:553–557.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Vonsattel JP, Meyers RH, Stevens TJ, et al.: Neuropathological classification of Huntington’s disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1985, 44:559–577.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Lloyd KG, Zivkovic B, Scatton B, et al.: The GABAergic hypothesis of depression. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiat 1989, 13:341–351.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Bird ED, Iversen LL: Huntington’s chorea: postmortem measurements of glutamic acid decarboxylase, choline acetyl-transferase, and dopamine in basal ganglia. Brain 1974, 97:457–472.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Bird ED: Huntington’s chorea. In Neurotransmitter Systems and Their Clinical Disorders. Edited by Legg NJ. London: Academic Press; 1979:143–150.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Spokes EGS: Neurochemical alterations in Huntington’s chorea: a study of postmortem brain tissue. Brain 1980, 103:179–210.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Peyser CE, Folstein SE: Huntington’s disease as a model for mood disorders. Mol Chem Neuropathol 1990, 12:99–119.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Kurlan R, Caine E, Rubin A, et al.: Cerebrospinal fluid correlates of depression in Huntington’s disease. rch Neurol 1988, 45:881–883.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Mendez MF: Huntington’s disease: update and review of neuropsychiatric aspects. Intl J Psychiatry Med 1994, 24:189–208.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Cummings JL: Behavioral and psychiatric symptoms associated with Huntington’s disease. In In Behavioral Neurology of Movement Disorders, vol 65. Edited by Weiner WJ, Lang AE. New York: Raven Press; 1995:179–186.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Lipe H, Schultz A, Bird TD: Risk factors for suicide in Huntington’s disease: a retrospective case controlled study. Am J Med Genet 1993, 48:231–233.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Di Maio L, Squitieri F, Napolitano G, et al.: Suicide risk in Huntington’s disease. J Med Genet 1993, 30:293–295.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Farrer LA: Suicide and attempted suicide in Huntington disease: implications for preclinical testing of persons at risk. Am J Med Genet 1986, 24:305–311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Leckman JF, Walker DE, Goodman WK, et al.: Just right perceptions associated with compulsive behavior in Tourette’s syndrome. Am J Psychiatry 1994, 151:675–680.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Løpez-Villegas D, Kulisevsky J, Deus J, et al.: Neuropsychological alterations in patients with computed tomography detected basal ganglia calcification. Arch Neurol 1996, 53:251–256.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Swedo SE, Rapoport JL, Cheslow DL, et al.: High prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with Sydenham’s chorea. Am J Psychiatry 1989, 146:246–249.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Laplane D, Levasseur M, Pillon B, et al.: Obsessive-compulsive and other behavioral changes with bilateral basal ganglia lesions: a neuropsychological, magnetic resonance imaging and positron tomography study. Brain 1989, 112:699–725.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Chacko RC, Corbin MA, Harper RG: Acquired obsessivecompulsive disorder associated with basal ganglia lesions. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000, 12:269–272.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Cummings JL, Cunningham K: Obsessive-compulsive disorder in Huntington’s Disease. Biol Psychiatry 1992, 31:263–270.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. McHugh PR, Folstein MF: Psychiatric syndromes of Huntington’s chorea: a clinical and phenomenologic study. In Psychiatric Aspects of Neurologic Disease, Edited by Benson DF, Blumer D. New York: Grune and Stratton; 1975:267–286.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Scicutella A: Late life obsessive compulsive disorder and Huntington’s disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000, 12:288–289.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. De Marchi N, Morris M, Mennella R, et al.: Association of obsessive-compulsive disorder and pathological gambling with Huntington’s disease in an Italian pedigree: possible association with Huntington’s disease mutation. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1998, 97:62–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Anderson KE, Louis ED, Stern Y, Marder KS: Cognitive correlates of obsessive and compulsive symptoms in Huntington’s disease. Am J Psychiatry 2001, 158:799–801. This study of 27 Huntington’s disease patients found obsessive and compulsive symptoms in over half of patients. Patients with obsessions and compulsions showed significantly greater impairment on neuropsychologic tests involving executive function than those without these symptoms.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edn 4. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  71. Oliver JL: Huntington’s chorea in Northamptonshire. Br J Psychiatry 1970, 116:241–253.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. Watt DC, Seller A: A clinico-genetic study of psychiatric disorder in Huntington’s chorea. Psychol Med Suppl 1993, 23:1–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  73. De Marchi N, Mennella R: Huntington’s disease and its association with psychopathology. Harv Rev Psychiatry 2000, 7:278–289.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Tsuang D, Almqvist EW, Lipe H, et al.: Familial aggregation of psychotic symptoms in Huntington’s disease. Am J Psychiatry 2000, 157:1955–1959.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Bonuccelli U, Ceravolo R, Maremmani C, et al.: Clozapine in Huntington’s chorea. Neurology 1994, 44:821–823.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Dallocchio C, Buffa C, Tinelli C, et al.: Effectiveness of risperidone in Huntington chorea patients. J Clin Psychopharm 1999, 19:101–103.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Colosimo C, Cassetta E, Bentivoglio AR, et al.: Clozapine in Huntington’s disease. Neurology 1995, 45:1023.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Kirkwood SC, Su JL, Conneally PM, Foroud T: Progression of symptoms in the early and middle stages of Huntington disease. Arch Neurol 2001, 58:273–278. A survey of 1238 individuals symptomatic for Huntington’s disease that looked at involuntary movements, psychiatric symptoms, and other manifestations of the illness. Psychiatric symptoms were found to occur in early and middle stages of the illness. Sleep trouble was seen mainly in the middle stages.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Squitieri F, Cannella M, Porcellini A, et al.: Short-term effects of olanzapine in Huntington disease. Neuropsychiatry Neuropsychol Behav Neurol 2001, 14:69–72. Eleven Huntington’s disease patients were studied in an open-pilot design. Five patients showed significant improvement in behavioral measures after 6 months of treatment. Depression, anxiety, irritability, and obsessions showed significant improvement.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  80. Bogelman G, Hirschmann S, Modai I: Olanzapine and Huntington’s disease. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001, 21:245–246.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. De Marchi N, Daniele F, Ragone MA: Fluoxetine in the treatment of Huntington’s disease. Psychopharmacology 2001, 153:264–266.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Grove VE, Quintanilla J, DeVaney GT: Improvement of Huntington’s disease with olanzapine and valproate. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:973–974.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  83. Bhandary AN, Masand PS: Buspirone in the management of disruptive behaviors due to Huntington’s disease and other neurological disorders. Psychosomatics 1997, 38:389–391.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Ranen NG, Lipsey JR, Treisman G, Ross CA: Sertraline in the treatment of severe aggressiveness in Huntington’s disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1996, 8:338–340.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Byrne A, Martin W, Hnatko G: Beneficial effects of buspirone therapy in Huntington’s disease. Am J Psychiatry 1994, 151:1097.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Findling RL: Treatment of aggression in juvenile-onset Huntington’s disease with buspirone. Psychosomatics 1993, 34:460–461.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. von Hafften AH, Jensen CF: Paradoxical response to pindolol treatment for aggression in a patient with Huntington’s disease. J Clin Psychiatry 1989, 50:230.

    Google Scholar 

  88. Stewart JT: Paradoxical aggressive effect of propranolol in a patient with Huntington’s disease. J Clin Psychiatry 1987, 48:385–386.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Stewart JT, Mounts ML, Clark RL: Aggressive behavior in Huntington’s disease: treatment with propranolol. J Clin Psychiatry 1987, 48:106–108.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Greendyke RM, Kanter DR: Therapeutic effects of pindolol on behavioral disturbances associated with organic brain disease: a double blind study. J Clin Psychiatry 1986, 47:423–426.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Leonard DP, Kidson MA, Brown JGE, et al.: A double-blind trial of lithium carbonate and haloperidol in Huntington’s chorea. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1975, 9:115–118.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Patel SV, Tariot PN, Asnis J: L-Deprenyl augmentation of fluoxetine in a patient with Huntington’s disease. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1996, 8:23–26.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  93. Ranen NG, Peyser CE, Folstein SE: ECT as a treatment for depression in Huntington’s disease. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994, 6:154–159.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Sajatovic M, Verbanac P, Ramirez LF, Meltzer H: Clozapine treatment of psychiatric symptoms resistant to neuroleptic treatment in patients with Huntington’s chorea. Neurology 1991, 41:156.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Knowling MR, Wrench W: Treatment of Huntington’s chorea with sulpiride. S Afr Med J 1991, 79:169.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Ford MF: Treatment of depression in Huntington’s disease with monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Br J Psychiatry 1986, 149:654–656.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Moldawsky RJ: Effect of amoxapine on speech in a patient with Huntington’s disease. Am J Psychiatry 1984, 141:150.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  98. Shoulson I: Huntington disease: functional capacities in patients treated with neuroleptic and antidepressant drugs. Neurology 1981, 31:1333–1335.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Folstein SE, Folstein MF, McHugh PR: Psychiatric syndromes in Huntington’s disease. Adv Neurol 1979, 23:281–289.

    Google Scholar 

  100. Heathfield KWG, Mackenzie ICK: Huntington’s chorea in Bedfordshire, England; Guys Hospital Report; 1971: 120:295–309.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Madhusoodanan S, Brenner R: Use of risperidone in psychosis associated with Huntington’s disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 1998, 6:347–349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Parsa MA, Szigethy E, Voci JM, Meltzer HY: Risperidone in treatment of choreoathetosis of Huntington’s disease. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1997, 17:134–135.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Meco G, Bonifati V, Alessandri A, Brusa L: Risperidone in Huntington’s disease. Hum Psychopharmacol 1995, 10:353–354.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. Evans DL, Pedersen CA, Tancer ME: ECT in treatment of organic psychosis in Huntington’s disease. Convuls Ther 1987, 3:145–150.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Anderson, K.E., Marder, K.S. An overview of psychiatric symptoms in Huntington’s disease. Curr Psychiatry Rep 3, 379–388 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-996-0030-2

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-996-0030-2

Keywords

Navigation