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Neuro-ophthalmologic Complications of Neoplastic Leptomeningeal Disease

  • Neuro-Ophthalmology (A Kawasaki, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

Neoplastic leptomeningeal disease (NLD), which encompasses both primary and secondary leptomeningeal tumors, has a devastating impact on the life of cancer patients. The present diagnostic technical armamentarium is insufficient for early diagnosis of NLD. However, NLD may present with subtle neuro-ophthalmic features at a time of relatively small tumor burden, which gives the provider first encountering these patients the window of opportunity for early diagnosis and consequently improved life expectancy and quality of life of these patients. Therefore, familiarity with early, often subtle neuro-ophthalmic features is an essential tool for diagnosing these patients prior to the development of fixed deficits, which usually portend a dismal prognosis. Future evolving laboratory and neuroimaging technologies are expected to advance our understanding of underlying pathophysiology and early detection of NLD. This paper provides an up-to-date review and synthesis of the current literature with focus on neuro-ophthalmic features and their underlying pathophysiology.

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Abbreviations

CNS :

Central nervous system

CSF :

Cerebrospinal fluid

CTCs :

Circulating tumor cells

EpCAM :

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule

LM :

Leptomeningeal metastasis

LP :

Lumbar puncture

NLD :

Neoplastic leptomeningeal disease

ON :

Optic nerve

PDLG :

Primary diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis

PLML :

Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma

PLM :

Primary leptomeningeal melanomatosis

SAS :

Subarachnoid space

VEGF :

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Gabriella Szatmáry declares that she has no conflict of interest.

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  1. Department of Neurology, Neuro-Ophthalmology Unit, Hattiesburg Clinic PA, 415 South 28th Avenue, Hattiesburg, MS, 39401, USA

    Gabriella Szatmáry

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Szatmáry, G. Neuro-ophthalmologic Complications of Neoplastic Leptomeningeal Disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 13, 404 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-013-0404-x

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