Abstract
It is well known that fossil fuels are depleting day by day, and with the increase in the number of vehicles the pollution has reached at an alarming stage. The need of the hour is to find an alternate fuel as well as to demote the exhaust emission and enhance the performance parameters of the internal combustion (I.C.) engine. Researches on I.C. engines are being conducted in order to come to a feasible solution. Since performing experiments on an I.C. engine is both time consuming and costly therefore many soft computing techniques are being adopted in this field. The term soft computing refers to find the solution of an inexact problem. Different soft computing techniques being used in this field are Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy Based Approach, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System, Gene Expression Programming, Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization. The motive of this work is to review the researches being carried out in the field of I.C. engine on different types of engines with various alternative fuels using these soft computing techniques.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Çay Y, Korkmaz I, Çiçek A, Kara F (2013) Prediction of engine performance and exhaust emissions for gasoline and methanol using artificial neural network. Energy 50:177–186. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2012.10.052
Sharon H, Jayaprakash R, Karthigai Selvan M et al (2012) Biodiesel production and prediction of engine performance using SIMULINK model of trained neural network. Fuel 99:197–203. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.04.019
Ilangkumaran M, Sakthivel G, Nagarajan G (2015) Artificial neural network approach to predict the engine performance of fish oil biodiesel with diethyl ether using back propagation algorithm. Int J Ambient Energy. doi:10.1080/01430750.2014.984082
Liaquat AM, Kalam MA, Masjuki HH, Jayed MH (2010) Potential emissions reduction in road transport sector using biofuel in developing countries. Atmos Environ 44:3869–3877. doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.003
Shrivastava N (2016) Experimental investigation of performance, emission, and noise parameters of water—emulsified Karanja biodiesel†¯: a prospective Indian fuel. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng doi:10.1007/s40430-016-0581-z
Shrivastava N, Varma SN, Pandey M (2013) Experimental investigation of diesel engine using EGR and fuelled with Karanja oil methyl ester. Int J Sustain Eng 6:307–315. doi:10.1080/19397038.2012.749310
Arcaklio E (2005) A diesel engine’ s performance and exhaust emissions. Appl Energy. 80:11–22. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.03.004
Yusaf TF, Buttsworth DR, Saleh KH, Yousif BF (2010) CNG-diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis with the aid of artificial neural network. Appl Energy 87:1661–1669. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.10.009
Sayin C, Ertunc HM, Hosoz M et al (2007) Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine using artificial neural network. Appl Therm Eng 27:46–54. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.05.016
Kesgin U (2004) Genetic algorithm and artificial neural network for engine optimisation of efficiency and NOx emission. Fuel 83:885–895. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2003.10.025
Cay Y (2013) Prediction of a gasoline engine performance with artificial neural network. Fuel 111:324–331. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.12.040
Kara Togun N, Baysec S (2010) Prediction of torque and specific fuel consumption of a gasoline engine by using artificial neural networks. Appl Energy 87:349–355. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.08.016
Go M, Sekmen Y, Salman MS (2005) APPLIED Artificial neural-network based modeling of variable valve-timing in a spark-ignition engine. Appl Energy 81:187–197. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.07.008
Chen J, Bond Randall R (2015) Improved automated diagnosis of misfire in internal combustion engines based on simulation models. Mech Syst Signal Process 64–65:58–83. doi:10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.02.027
Yu HS, Arcakliog E (2007) Comparative study of mathematical and experimental analysis of spark ignition engine performance used ethanol – gasoline blend fuel. Appl Therm Eng 27:358–368. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.07.027
Kapusuz M, Ozcan H, Ahmad J (2015) Research of performance on a spark ignition engine fueled by alcohol e gasoline blends using arti fi cial neural networks. Appl Therm Eng 91:525–534. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.08.058
Çay Y, Çiçek A, Kara F, Saǧiroǧlu S (2012) Prediction of engine performance for an alternative fuel using artificial neural network. Appl Therm Eng 37:217–225. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.11.019
Taylor P, Danaiah P, Kumar PR, Rao YVH (2013) Performance and emission prediction of a tert butyl alcohol gasoline blended spark-ignition engine using artificial neural networks. Int J Ambient Energy 37–41. doi:10.1080/01430750.2013.820147
Deh Kiani MK, Ghobadian B, Tavakoli T et al (2010) Application of artificial neural networks for the prediction of performance and exhaust emissions in SI engine using ethanol–gasoline blends. Energy 35:65–69. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2009.08.034
Dehghani M, Ghobadian B, Najafi G (2015) Performance and exhaust emissions of a SI two-stroke engine with biolubricants using artificial neural network. Energy Proced 75:3–9. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.07.127
Najafi G, Ghobadian B, Tavakoli T et al (2009) Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network. Appl Energy 86:630–639. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.09.017
Veli C¸ elik EA (2005) Performance maps of a diesel engine. Appl Energy 81:247–259. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.08.003
Bietresato M, Calcante A, Mazzetto F (2015) A neural network approach for indirectly estimating farm tractors engine performances. Fuel 143:144–154. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.019
Rahimi-Ajdadi F, Abbaspour-Gilandeh Y (2011) Artificial neural network and stepwise multiple range regression methods for prediction of tractor fuel consumption. Meas J Int Meas Confed 44:2104–2111. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2011.08.006
Roy S, Banerjee R, Bose PK (2014) Performance and exhaust emissions prediction of a CRDI assisted single cylinder diesel engine coupled with EGR using artificial neural network. Appl Energy 119:330–340. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.01.044
Taghavifar H, Taghavifar H, Mardani A, Mohebbi A (2014) Modeling the impact of in-cylinder combustion parameters of di engines on soot and NOx emissions at rated EGR levels using ANN approach. Energy Convers Manag 87:1–9. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.07.005
Krijnsen BHC, Van Kooten WEJ, Calis HPA et al (1999) Prediction of NOx emissions from a transiently operating diesel engine using an artificial neural network. Chem Eng Technol 22:601–607
Mohammadhassani J, Dadvand A, Khalilarya S, Solimanpur M (2015) Prediction and reduction of diesel engine emissions using a combined ANN–ACO method. Appl Soft Comput J 34:139–150. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2015.04.059
Taghavifar H, Mardani A, Mohebbi A, Taghavifar H (2014) Investigating the effect of combustion properties on the accumulated heat release of di engines at rated EGR levels using the ANN approach. Fuel 137:1–10. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2014.07.073
Hashemi N, Clark NN (2007) Artificial neural network as a predictive tool for emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicles in Southern California. Int J Engine Res 8:321–336. doi:10.1243/14680874JER00807
Karonis D, Lois E, Zannikos F, et al (2003) A neural network approach for the correlation of exhaust emissions from a diesel engine with diesel fuel properties. Energy Fuels 1259–1265.
Parlak A (2006) Application of artificial neural network to predict specific fuel consumption and exhaust temperature for a diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng 26:824–828. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2005.10.006
Yusaf TF, Yousif BF, Elawad MM (2011) Crude palm oil fuel for diesel-engines: experimental and ANN simulation approaches. Energy 36:4871–4878. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2011.05.032
Kannan GR, Balasubramanian KR, Anand R (2013) Artificial neural network approach to study the effect of injection pressure and timing on diesel engine performance fueled with biodiesel. Int J Automot Technol 14:507–519. doi:10.1007/s12239
Arumugam S, Sriram G SSPR (2012) Application of artificial intelligence to predict the performance and exhaust emission of diesel engine using rapeseed oil methyl ester. Int Conf Model Optim Comput 38:853–860. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.107
Canakci M, Erdil A, Arcaklioǧlu E (2006) Performance and exhaust emissions of a biodiesel engine. Appl Energy 83:594–605. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2005.05.003
Canakci M, Ozsezen AN, Arcaklioglu E, Erdil A (2009) Prediction of performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from waste frying palm oil. Expert Syst Appl 36:9268–9280. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.12.005
Etghani MM, Shojaeefard MH, Khalkhali A, Akbari M (2013) A hybrid method of modified NSGA-II and TOPSIS to optimize performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel. Appl Therm Eng 59:309–315. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.05.041
Ghobadian B, Rahimi H, Nikbakht AM, et al (2009) Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network. Renew Energy 34:976–982. doi:10.1016/j.renene.2008.08.008
Pai PS, Rao BRS (2011) Artificial Neural Network based prediction of performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio CI engine using WCO as a biodiesel at different injection timings. Appl Energy 88:2344–2354. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.12.030
Vinay Kumar D, Ravi Kumar P, Kumari MS (2013) Prediction of performance and emissions of a biodiesel fueled lanthanum zirconate coated direct injection diesel engine using artificial neural networks. Proced Eng 64:993–1002. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.176
Muralidharan K, Vasudevan D (2014) Applications of artificial neural networks in prediction of performance, emission and combustion characteristics of variable compression ratio engine fuelled with waste cooking oil biodiesel. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 37:915–928. doi:10.1007/s40430-014-0213-4
Taylor P, Sakthivel G, Ilangkumaran M, Nagarajan G (2012) Predicting the engine performance using ethyl ester of fish oil with the aid of artificial neural network. Int J Ambient Energy 37–41. doi:10.1080/01430750.2012.740429
Shanmugam P, Sivakumar V, Murugesan A, Ilangkumaran M (2011) Performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine using hybrid fuel with an artificial neural network. Energy Sources, Part A 33:1440–1450. doi:10.1080/15567036.2010.539085
Abhishek Sharma, Pradeepta Kumar Sahoo, R. K. Tripathi L, Meher C (2015) ANN based prediction of performance and emission characteristics of CI engine using Polanga as a biodiesel. Int J Ambient Energy doi:10.1080/01430750.2015.1023466
Kullolli S, Sakthivel G, Ilangkumaran M (2014) A neural network model for the prediction of compression ignition engine performance at different injection timings. Int J Ambient Energy doi:10.1080/01430750.2014.931297
Taghavifar H, Taghavifar H, Mardani A, et al (2014) Appraisal of artificial neural networks to the emission analysis and prediction of CO2, soot, and NOx of n-heptane fueled engine. J Clean Prod doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.03.035
Mohamed H, Kiat H, Wei C, Gan S (2012) Artificial neural networks modelling of engine-out responses for a light-duty diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blends. Appl Energy 92:769–777. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.08.027
Oğuz H, Sarıtas I, Baydan HE (2010) Prediction of diesel engine performance using biofuels with artificial neural network. Expert Syst Appl 37:6579–6586. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2010.02.128
Kökkülünk G, Akdoǧan E, Ayhan V (2013) Prediction of emissions and exhaust temperature for direct injection diesel engine with emulsified fuel using ANN. Turk J Electr Eng Comput Sci 21:2141–2152. doi:10.3906/elk-1202-24
Chakraborty A, Roy S, Banerjee R (2016) Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering An experimental based ANN approach in mapping performance- emission characteristics of a diesel engine operating in dual-fuel mode with LPG. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 28:15–30. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2015.11.024
Thomas Renald RC, Somasundaram P (2012) Experimental investigation on attenuation of emission with optimized LPG jet induction in a dual fuel diesel engine and prediction by ANN model. Energy Proced 14:1427–1438
Roy S, Banerjee R, Das AK, Bose PK (2014) Development of an ANN based system identification tool to estimate the performance-emission characteristics of a CRDI assisted CNG dual fuel diesel engine. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 21:147–158. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2014.08.002
Jahirul MI., Saidur R., Masjuki HH., et al (2009) Application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for prediction the performance of a dual fuel internal combustion engine. Trans Hong Kong Inst Eng 16:14–20. doi:10.1080/1023697X.2009.10668146
Javed S, Satyanarayana Murthy YVV, Baig RU, Prasada Rao D (2015) Development of ANN model for prediction of performance and emission characteristics of hydrogen dual fueled diesel engine with jatropha methyl ester biodiesel blends. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 26:549–557. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2015.06.041
Manikandan V, Nguyen X, Assanis D (2013) Nonlinear identification of a gasoline HCCI engine using neural networks coupled with principal component analysis. Appl Soft Comput J 13:2375–2389. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2013.01.006
P.J. Lu, M.C. Zhang, T.C. Hsu JZ (2014) An evaluation of engine faults diagnostics using artificial neural network. J Eng Gas Turbine Power 123:340–346. doi:10.1115/1.1362667
Yuanwang D, Meilin Z, Dong X, Xiaobei C (2002) An analysis for effect of cetane number on exhaust emissions from engine with the neural network. Fuel. 81:1963–1970.
Yap WK, Ho T, Karri V (2012) Exhaust emissions control and engine parameters optimization using artificial neural network virtual sensors for a hydrogen-powered vehicle. Int J Hydrog Energy 37:8704–8715. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.02.153
Choi Y, Chen JY (2005) Fast prediction of start-of-combustion in HCCI with combined artificial neural networks and ignition delay model. Proc Combust Inst 30 II:2711–2718. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2004.08.143
Bahri B, Aziz AA, Shahbakhti M, Muhamad Said MF (2013) Understanding and detecting misfire in an HCCI engine fuelled with ethanol. Appl Energy 108:24–33. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.004
Rezaei J, Shahbakhti M, Bahri B, Aziz AA (2015) Performance prediction of HCCI engines with oxygenated fuels using artificial neural networks. Appl Energy 138:460–473. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.10.088
Kalogirou SA (2003) Artificial intelligence for the modeling and control of combustion processes†¯: a review. Prog Energy Combust Sci doi:10.1016/S0360-1285(03)00058-3
Lee SH, Howlett RJ, Walters SD, et al (2007) An modeling and control of internal combustion engines using intelligent. Cybern Syst 38:5–6:509–533. doi:10.1080/01969720701344293
Kilagiz Y, Baran A, Yildiz Z, Murat C (2005) A fuzzy diagnosis and advice system for optimization of emissions and fuel consumption. Expert Syst Appl 28:305–311. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2004.10.016
Tasdemir S, Saritas I, Ciniviz M, Allahverdi N (2011) Artificial neural network and fuzzy expert system comparison for prediction of performance and emission parameters on a gasoline engine. Expert Syst Appl 38:13912–13923. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.198
Saraswati S, Agarwal PK, Chand S (2011) Neural networks and fuzzy logic-based spark advance control of SI engines. Expert Syst Appl 38:6916–6925. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2010.12.032
Mozaffari A, Azad NL (2015) An ensemble neuro-fuzzy radial basis network with self-adaptive swarm based supervisor and negative correlation for modeling automotive engine coldstart hydrocarbon emissions†¯: A soft solution to a crucial automotive problem. Appl Soft Comput J 32:449–467. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2015.04.009
Lee SH, Howlett RJ, Walters SD (2004) Emission reduction for a small gasoline engine using fuzzy control. IFAC Symp Adv Automot Control 200–205. http://rjhowlett.complexnet.co.uk/papers/2004-1.pdf
Sakthivel G, Snehitkumar B, Ilangkumaran M (2014) Application of fuzzy logic in internal combustion engines to predict the engine performance. Int J Ambient Energy 37:1–11. doi:10.1080/01430750.2014.952844
Lughofer E, Macián V, Guardiola C, Peter E (2011) Identifying static and dynamic prediction models for NOx emissions with evolving fuzzy systems. Appl Soft Comput J 11:2487–2500. doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2010.10.004
Bose PK, Deb M, Banerjee R, Majumder A (2013) Multi objective optimization of performance parameters of a single cylinder diesel engine running with hydrogen using a Taguchi-fuzzy based approach. Energy 63:375–386. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.10.045
Yang Z, Wang L, Xiong S, Li J (2006) Research on the optimizing control technology based on fuzzy-neural network for hydrogen-fueled engines. Int J Hydrog Energy 31:2370–2377. doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.02.027
Zhenzhong Y, Jianqin W, Zhuoyi F, Jinding L (2002) An investigation of optimum control of ignition timing and injection system in an in-cylinder injection type hydrogen fueled engine. Int J Hydrog Energy 27:213–217.
Al-hinti I, Samhouri M, Al-ghandoor A, Sakhrieh A (2009) The effect of boost pressure on the performance characteristics of a diesel engine†¯: a neuro-fuzzy approach. Appl Energy 86:113–121. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2008.04.015
Rai A, Kumar NS, P. SP, Rao BRS (2012) Fuzzy logic based prediction of performance and emission parameters of a LPG-diesel dual fuel engine. Proced Eng 38:280–292. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.036
Mariani F, Grimaldi CN, Battistoni M (2014) Diesel engine NOx emissions control: An advanced method for the O2 evaluation in the intake flow. Appl Energy 113:576–588. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.07.067
Rai AA, Pai PS, Rao BRS (2015) Prediction models for performance and emissions of a dual fuel CI engine using ANFIS. Sadhana 40:515–535.
Najafi G, Ghobadian B, Moosavian A et al (2016) SVM and ANFIS for prediction of performance and exhaust emissions of a SI engine with gasoline-ethanol blended fuels. Appl Therm Eng 95:186–203. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.11.009
Uzunsoy OIE (2013) Predicting the exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system. Arab J Sci Eng 3485–3493. doi:10.1007/s13369-013-0637-7
Hosoz M, Ertunc HM, Karabektas M, Ergen G (2013) ANFIS modelling of the performance and emissions of a diesel engine using diesel fuel and biodiesel blends. Appl Therm Eng 60:24–32. doi:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.06.040
Gopalakrishnan K, Mudgal A, Hallmark S (2011) Neuro-fuzzy approach to predictive modeling of emissions from biodiesel powered transit buses. Transport 26:344–352. doi:10.3846/16484142.2011.634080
Roy S, Das AK, Bhadouria VS et al (2015) Adaptive-neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) based prediction of performance and emission parameters of a CRDI assisted diesel engine under CNG dual-fuel operation. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 27:274–283. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2015.08.065
Roy S, Ghosh A, Kumar A, Banerjee R (2015) Development and validation of a GEP model to predict the performance and exhaust emission parameters of a CRDI assisted single cylinder diesel engine coupled with EGR. Appl Energy 140:52–64. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.065
Roy S, Ghosh A, Kumar A, Banerjee R (2014) Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering A comparative study of GEP and an ANN strategy to model engine performance and emission characteristics of a CRDI assisted single cylinder diesel engine under CNG dual-fuel operation. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 21:814–828. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2014.10.024
Costa M, Marco G, Forte C, Cazzoli G (2014) A numerical methodology for the multi-objective optimization of the DI diesel engine combustion. Energy Proced 45:711–720. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2014.01.076
Taghavifar H, Khalilarya S, Jafarmadar S (2014) Diesel engine spray characteristics prediction with hybridized artificial neural network optimized by genetic algorithm. Energy 71:656–664. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.05.006
Park S (2012) Optimization of combustion chamber geometry and engine operating conditions for compression ignition engines fueled with dimethyl ether. Fuel 97:61–71. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2012.03.004
Zhu Z, Zhang F, Li C et al (2015) Genetic algorithm optimization applied to the fuel supply parameters of diesel engines working at plateau q. Appl Energy. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.126
Alonso JM, Alvarruiz F, Desantes JM, et al (2007) Combining neural networks and genetic algorithms to predict and reduce diesel engine emissions. IEEE Trans Evol Comput 11:46–55.
Zhang Q, Ogren RM, Kong S (2016) A comparative study of biodiesel engine performance optimization using enhanced hybrid PSO – GA and basic GA. Appl Energy 165:676–684. doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.044
Roy S, Das AK, Bose PK, Banerjee R (2014) ANN metamodel assisted particle swarm optimization of the performance-emission trade-off characteristics of a single cylinder CRDI engine under CNG dual-fuel operation. J Nat Gas Sci Eng 21:1156–1162. doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2014.11.013
Wong KI, Wong PK, Cheung CS, Vong CM (2013) Modeling and optimization of biodiesel engine performance using advanced machine learning methods. Energy 55:519–528. doi:10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.057
Bertram A (2014) A novel particle swarm and genetic algorithm hybrid method for improved heuristic optimization of diesel engine performance. Grad Theses Diss. doi:10.1177/1468087415611031
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shrivastava, N., Khan, Z.M. Application of Soft Computing in the Field of Internal Combustion Engines: A Review. Arch Computat Methods Eng 25, 707–726 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-017-9212-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-017-9212-9