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Is the maximum reproductive rate of Centris analis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) associated with floral resource availability?

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Abstract

Spatiotemporal variation in the availability of food resources may be a determining factor for reproductive success and maintenance of bees, but the extent of these variations is poorly understood. For management and conservation of bees, the first step is to know the behavior and the food resources used. Currently, urban areas are considered refuge zones for bees, and understanding the availability of floral resources and the influence on reproductive processes is very important for management of bees. We used the protocols applied in phenological studies with bees and plant species to evaluate both throughout the year in an urbanized area. At the same time, we used palynology protocols to analyze the pollen material collected from brood cells (food and feces) of immature Centris analis. These protocols allowed to evaluate the availability of floral resources in the studied area and the plant species effectively used by C. analis females to feed immature larvae during the reproductive period. The maximum reproductive period of C. analis was not associated with the highest floral resources availability. However, there was a strong selectivity of pollen in flowers of Malpighia emarginata (Malpighiaceae), which represented more than 59% of all the pollen grains provisioned throughout the year. This means that in the case of more specialized bees like C. analis, the availability of the preferred plants is more important than the overall floral resource availability in the area. Thus, to keep C. analis in the city, it is necessary to maintain or introduce Malpighiaceae species in the urban planning. On the other hand, at least 27% of the plant species found in the study area are pollinated by C. analis, emphasizing the importance of preserving this bee.

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Acknowledgements

We thank FAPESP (process #2010/10285-4) and CAPES-PNPD (process #02958/09-0), for financial support, and Research Center on Biodiversity and Computing (BioComp): RCPol-Redes de Catálogos Polínicos online (FDTE process#001505). We thank the editors immensely for the comments that helped to improve this article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo-Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, Butantã, SP, 05508-090, Brazil

    Cláudia Inês da Silva

  2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, 14040-901, Brazil

    Carolina Mayumi Hirotsu & Carlos Alberto Garófalo

  3. Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará-Campus do Pici, Bloco 814, Fortaleza, 60356-000, Brazil

    Alípio José de Suza Pacheco Filho

  4. Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo-Rua do Matão, 321, Travessa 14, Butantã, SP, 05508-090, Brazil

    Elisa Pereira Queiroz

Authors
  1. Cláudia Inês da Silva
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  2. Carolina Mayumi Hirotsu
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  3. Alípio José de Suza Pacheco Filho
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  4. Elisa Pereira Queiroz
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  5. Carlos Alberto Garófalo
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Correspondence to Cláudia Inês da Silva.

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Handling Editor: Isabel Alves dos Santos.

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da Silva, C.I., Hirotsu, C.M., de Suza Pacheco Filho, A.J. et al. Is the maximum reproductive rate of Centris analis (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Centridini) associated with floral resource availability?. Arthropod-Plant Interactions 11, 389–402 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11829-017-9513-9

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