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Gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Eltern und Babys in ihrem Schlafverhalten

Der heimliche Blick ins Schlafzimmer

Mutual influence of parents and babies on their sleep behaviour

A look behind closed doors

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Im ersten Lebensjahr eines Kindes finden weitreichende Veränderungen des Schlafrhythmus statt. Dieser Entwicklungsprozess unterliegt biologischen Vorgängen, ist jedoch in hohem Maße abhängig von Umgebungsfaktoren und elterlichen Einflüssen.

Fragestellung

In diesem Review wird eine Verknüpfung zwischen kindlichem Schlaf und elterlichen Kognitionen, interaktivem Verhalten, Psychopathologien und Umgebungseinflüssen hergestellt.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgt eine Literaturanalyse von 37 Studien, die verschiedene Einflüsse auf den kindlichen Schlaf beleuchten. Diese Einflussfaktoren werden dem Modell zur Schlaf-Wach-Regulation zugeordnet.

Ergebnisse

Elterliches Verhalten im Zusammenhang mit Bettgehritualen und Beruhigungsstrategien haben einen deutlichen Einfluss auf den kindlichen Schlaf. Ein höheres elterliches Engagement ist verbunden mit mehr fragmentierten Schlaf beim Baby. Die Studien belegen, dass elterliche Kognitionen und Psychopathologien, neben weiteren Einflüssen durch Berufstätigkeit und kindlichen Schlafprobleme bei Schrei- und Fütterproblemen das elterliche schlafbezogene Verhalten steuern und somit direkte Effekte auf den kindlichen Schlaf haben.

Schlussfolgerungen

Der kindliche Schlaf ist in hohem Maße beeinflusst durch elterliches schlafbezogenes Verhalten und sollte im familiären Kontext betrachtet werden. Es bestehen reziproke Interaktionen zwischen den einzelnen Familienmitgliedern und die dargestellten Einflussfaktoren auf den kindlichen Schlaf können dabei wesentliche Punkte geeigneter Behandlungsansätze liefern. Weitere Forschungen auf diesem Gebiet sind notwendig.

Abstract

Background

Extensive changes in the sleeping patterns of a child take place within the baby’s first year of life. Those changes are due to biological processes which are, however, influenced by environmental and parental factors.

Objectives

This review aims to establish a connection between child sleep on one hand and parental cognitions, interactive behaviour, psychopathologies and environmental influences on the other hand.

Materials and methods

The review includes the analysis of 37 research articles that shed a light on various influential factors on the sleep of a child. Those influential factors are assigned to the model of sleep-wake-regulations.

Results

Parental behaviour, in relation with going-to-bed rituals and calming techniques, has a significant influence on child sleep. Higher parental engagement is related to more fragmented sleep of the child. Studies show that parental cognition and psychopathologies, in addition to further influential factors caused by occupation and sleeping problems that are related to screaming and feeding disorders, govern parental sleep-related behaviours and have therefore direct effects on child sleep.

Conclusions

Child sleep is highly influenced by parental sleep-related behaviours and should always be viewed in the context of the family. There are reciprocal interactions between the individual members of the family and the aforementioned influential factors on child sleep can serve as essential starting points for suitable interventions. Further research in this field needs to be conducted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fakultät für Psychologie und Sport, Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universität Bielefeld, 33015, Bielefeld, Deutschland

    Barbara G. Cattarius & Angelika A. Schlarb

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  1. Barbara G. Cattarius
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  2. Angelika A. Schlarb
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Correspondence to Barbara G. Cattarius.

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B.G. Cattarius und A.A. Schlarb geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autorinnen durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Cattarius, B.G., Schlarb, A.A. Gegenseitige Beeinflussung von Eltern und Babys in ihrem Schlafverhalten. Somnologie 20, 189–198 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11818-016-0064-6

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