Abstract
This feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of poultry by-product meal (PBM) as a protein source in the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to near to commercial diet with about 40% protein and 7.5% lipid. Fish meal was replaced by 0, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 100% of PBM (diets 1–7). The diet with 100% fish meal was used as a control (diet 1). Post-larvae were reared in an indoor semi-closed re-circulating system. Each dietary treatment was tested in 4 replicate tanks (260 L) of 40 shrimp, arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimps were hand-fed for three times a day to near-satiation (0700, 1200 and 1800) for 60 d. Percentage weight gain, survival, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER) and body composition of shrimps were measured. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimps fed diets 1–5 (0–60% fish meal replacement). However, shrimps fed diet 7 (100% fish meal replacement) had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diets 1–5 (0–60% fish meal replacement). Shrimp fed diets 2–4 (30%–50% fish meal replacement) showed significantly higher growth than those fed diets 6 and 7 (70% and 100% fish meal replacement, respectively). Survival ranged from 94.7% to 100.0% and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) among different experimental diets. No differences in body composition were found among shrimps fed different diets. These results showed that up to 70% of fish meal protein can be replaced by PBM without adversely affecting the growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists), 1998. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th edition. Cunniff, K., ed., AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 152–169.
Bligh, E. G., and Dyer, W. J., 1959. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 37: 911–917.
Cruz-Suárez, L. E., Nieto-López, M., Guajardo-Barbosa, C., Tapia-Salazar, M., Scholz, U., and Ricque-Marie, D., 2007. Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal in practical diets for Litopenaeus vannamei, and digestibility of the tested ingredients and diets. Aquaculture, 272: 466–476.
Davis, D. A., and Arnold, C. R., 2000. Replacement of fish meal in practical diets for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 185: 291–298.
Forster, I. P, Dominy, W., Obaldo, L., and Tacon, A. G. J., 2003. Rendered meat and bone meals as ingredients of diets for shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). Aquaculture, 219: 655–670.
Gomez, K. A., and Gomez, A. A., 1976. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research with Emphasis on Rice. The International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines, 294.
Gonzalez-Felix, M. L., Lawerence, A. L., Gatlin III, D. M., and Perez-Velazquez, M., 2002. Growth, survival and fatty acid composition of juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei fed different oils in the presence and absence of phospholipids. Aquaculture, 205: 325–343.
Guillaume, J., 1997. Protein and amino acids. In: Crustacean Nutrition. D’ Abramo, L. R., et al., eds., World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, 26–50.
Lim, C., 1996. Substitution of cotton seed meal for marine protein in diets for Penaeus vannamei. J. World Aquac. Soc., 27: 402–409.
Lim, C., Ako, H., Brown, C. L., and Hahn, K., 1997. Growth response and fatty acid composition of juvenile Penaeus vannamei fed different sources of dietary lipid. Aquaculture, 151: 143–153.
Lim, C., and Dominy, W., 1990. Evaluation of soybean meal as a replacement for marine animal protein in diets for shrimp Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 87: 53–64.
Millamena, O. M., Bautista-Tereul, M. N., and Kanazawa, A., 1996a. Methionine requirement of juvenile tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture, 143: 403–410.
Millamena, O. M., Bautista-Tereul, M. N., and Kanazawa, A., 1996b. Valine requirement of postlarval tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquac. Nutr., 2: 129–132.
Millamena, O. M., Bautista-Tereul, M. N., Reyes, O. S., and Kanazawa, A., 1997. Threonine requirement of juvenile marine shrimp Penaeus monodon. Aquaculture. 151: 212–219.
Millamena, O. M., Bautista-Tereul, M. N., Reyes, O. S., and Kanazawa, A., 1998. Requirements of juvenile marine shrimp, Penaeus monodon for lysine and arginine. Aquaculture, 164: 95–104.
Millamena, O. M., Bautista-Tereul, M. N., Reyes, O. S., and Kanazawa, A., 1999. Quantitative dietary requirement of postlarval tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, for histidine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan. Aquaculture, 179: 169–179.
Rawles, S. D., Riche, M., Gaylord, T. G., Webb, J., Freeman, D. W., and Davis, M., 2006. Evaluation of poultry by-product meal in commercial diets for hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops ♀×M. saxatilis ♂) in recirculated tank production. Aquaculture, 259: 377–389.
Shapawi, R., Ng, W. K., and Mustafa, S., 2007. Replacement of fish meal with poultry by-product meal in diets formulated for the humpback grouper, Cromileptes altivelis. Aquaculture, 273: 118–126.
Strickland, J. D. H., and Parsons, T. R., 1972. Inorganic micronutrients in sea water. In: A Practical Handbook of Seawater Analysis. Stevenson, J. ed., Ottawa, Canada, 310.
Subhadra, B., Lochmann, R., Rawles, S., and Chen, R., 2006. Effect of fish-meal replacement with poultry by-product meal on the growth, tissue composition and hematological parameters of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) fed diets containing different lipids. Aquaculture, 260: 221–231.
Tacon, A. G. J., and Akiyama, D. M., 1997. Feed ingredients. In: Crustacean Nutrition. D’Abramo, L. R., et al., eds., World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 411–472.
Tan, B., Mai, K., Zheng, S., Zhou, Q., Liu, L., and Yu, Y., 2005. Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in practical diets for the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamai (Boone). Aquac. Res., 36: 439–444.
Teshima, S., Kanazawa, A., and Yamashita, M., 1986. Dietary value of several proteins and supplemental amino acids for larvae of the prawn Penaeus japonicus. Aquaculture, 51: 225–235.
Yang, Y., Xie, S. Q., Lei, W., Zhu, X. M., and Yang, Y. X., 2004. Effect of replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal and poultry by-product meal in diets on the growth and immune response of Macrobrachium nipponense. Fish Shellfish Immunol., 17: 105–114.
Zar, J. 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. 4th edition. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cli, NJ, USA, 663pp.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chi, S., Tan, B., Mai, K. et al. Growth and feed efficiency of juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei fed formulated diets containing different levels of poultry by-product meal. J. Ocean Univ. China 8, 399–403 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-009-0399-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11802-009-0399-8