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Die Antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung des DSM-IV-TR - Befunde, Untergruppen und Unterschiede zu Psychopathy

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Zusammenfassung

Auf einer soliden empirischen Basis beschreibt die Diagnose ‚Antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung‘ (ASPD gem. DSM IV) eine Gruppe von Menschen, die bereits mit jungen Jahren, und dann über die ganze Lebensspanne hinweg, antisoziales Verhalten zeigt. Es ist eine sehr heterogene Gruppe, die über komorbide Störungen in Untergruppen zerfällt und sich deutlich von Psychopathy im Sinne der PCL-R, aber auch von der Dissozialen Persönlichkeitsstörung der ICD-10 unterscheidet. Die Ergebnisse und methodischen Probleme von Prävalenz-Studien werden erläutert. Die sozialen, speziell kriminologischen Korrelate und die Einflüsse komorbider Störungen auf diese Form von Persönlichkeitsstörung werden benannt. Am Ende wird eine Hypothese entwickelt, die der künftigen Forschung zur Ätiologie von ASPD dienen und zur Entwicklung von effektiven Programmen zur Gewaltprävention von antisozialen Persönlichkeiten beitragen soll.

Abstract

The diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is based on robust scientific evidence identifying a group of individuals who display antisocial behaviour from a very young age that remains stable across the life-span. This population of persons with ASPD is heterogeneous, composed of distinct sub-types defined by comorbid disorders. Evidence indicates that ASPD is distinct from both psychopathy, as defined by the PCL-R, and from Dissocial Personality Disorder, as defined by ICD-10. Studies of the prevalence of ASPD are reviewed, highlighting the difficulties inherent in designing and conducting investigations of community samples that derive accurate estimates. The few studies of the socio-demographic correlates of ASPD are presented followed by a review of the evidence on disorders that are comorbid with ASPD. Finally, a hypothesis is presented for orienting future research on the aetiology of ASPD and the development of effective programmes for reducing violence among persons with ASPD.

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  1. Department of Forensic Mental Health Science, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, Box P023, SE5 8AF, London, U. K.

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Deutsche Übersetzung des Kapitels “Antisocial Personality Disorder” des Handbuchs: M. McMurran and R. Howard (Eds.) Personality, Personality Disorder, and Risk of Violence. Wiley, Chichester, 2008.

Mit freundlicher Erlaubnis des Verlags John Wiley & Sons, Chichester

Deutsche Übersetzung: Jan M. Kröber und H.-L. Kröber, bearbeitet von R. Müller-Isberner

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Hodgins, S., De Brito, S. Die Antisoziale Persönlichkeitsstörung des DSM-IV-TR - Befunde, Untergruppen und Unterschiede zu Psychopathy. Forens Psychiatr Psychol Kriminol 3, 116–128 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11757-009-0124-x

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