Abstract
Various alcohols and hydrocarbons were used as solvents to extract the residual oil in spent bleaching clay from palm oil refining. The content of oil and minor components in the spent clay was >40% by weight. The efficiencies of extraction by the polar alcohols, except for methanol, were higher but with a slower initial rate than the nonpolar hydrocarbons. The free fatty acids contents, the Totox values (anisidine value+2 x peroxide value), and the color of the alcohol-extracted oil were also higher than that by the hydrocarbons resulting in poorer quality oils. All the extracted oils, irrespective of the solvent used, have poorer quality than crude palm oil. However, for regeneration of the residual spent clay, the polar alcohols should be more suitable as more of the impurities are removed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Choo, Y.M., A.N. Ma, and Y. Basiron, Red Palm Oil: A Potential Source of Dietary Carotenes, Malaysia Oil Sci. Technol. 2: 54–55 (1993).
Wong, H.H., Quality of By-product from Chemical and Physical Refining of Palm Oil and Other Oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 60:316–321 (1983).
Svensson, C., Use or Disposal of By-products and Spent Material from the Vegetable Oil Processing Industry in Europe, Ibid. 53:443–445 (1976).
Waston, K.S., and M. Hoefer, Use or Disposal of By-products and Spent Material from the Vegetable Oil Processing Industry in USA, Ibid. 53:447–450 (1976).
Ong, J.T.L., Oil Recovery from Spent Bleaching Earth and Disposal of the Extracted Material, Ibid. 60:314–315 (1983).
Ng, K.F., N.K. Nair, K.Y. Liew, and A.M. Noor, Surface and Pore Structure of Deoiled Acid and Heat Treated Spent Bleaching Clay, Ibid. 74:963–970 (1997).
James, E.M., The Refining and Bleaching of Vegetable Oils, Ibid. 35:76–83 (1958).
Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 4th edn., edited by D. Firestone, American Oil Chemists’ Society, Champaign, 1989, Methods Ba 3.38, Ca 5a.40, Cd 18.90 and Cd 8.53 (revised 1993).
Ng, K.F., Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Spent Bleaching Clay from the Palm Oil Industry, M.Sc. Thesis, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia, 1996, p. 121.
Ayers, A.L., and J.J. Dooley, Laboratory Extraction of Cottonseed with Various Petroleum Hydrocarbons, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 25:372–379 (1948).
Tan, B.K., and F.C.H. Oh, Malaysian Palm Oil: Chemical and Physical Characteristics, PORIM Technology, PORIM, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 1981.
King, J.W., G.R. List, and J.H. Johnson, Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Spent Bleaching Clays, in Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Supercritical Fluids, edited by M.A. McHugh, The International Society for the Advancement of Supercritical Fluids, Boston, 1991, pp. 349–352.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, C.G., Seng, C.E. & Liew, K.Y. Solvent efficiency for oil extraction from spent bleaching clay. J Amer Oil Chem Soc 77, 1219–1223 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0190-6
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11746-000-0190-6