Skip to main content
Log in

Event temporal relation computation based on machine learning

  • Information Technology
  • Published:
Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition)

Abstract

Temporal relation computation is one of the tasks of the extraction of temporal arguments from event, and it is also the ultimate goal of temporal information processing. However, temporal relation computation based on machine learning requires a lot of hand-marked work, and exploring more features from discourse. A method of two-stage machine learning based on temporal relation computation (TSMLTRC) is proposed in this paper for the shortcomings of current temporal relation computation between two events. The first stage is to get the main temporal attributes of event based on classification learning. The second stage is to compute the event temporal relation in the discourse through employing the result of the first stage as the basic features, and also employing some new linguistic characteristics. Experiments show that, compared with the artificial golden rule, the computational efficiency in the first stage is much higher, and the F1-Score of event temporal relation which is computed through combining multi-features may be increased at 85.8% in the second stage.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Saquete E, Martinez B P, Munoz R, Vicedo J L. Splitting complex temporal questions for question answering systems [C]// Proceedings of the 42th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics Barcelona, Spain. 2004: 566–573.

  2. Xu Yong-dong, Wang Ya-dong, Liu Yang, Wang Wei, Quan Guang-ri. Research on temporal information based sentences ordering in multi-document automatic summarization [J]. Journal of Chinese Information Processing, 2009, 23(4): 27–33 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Strassel S, Przybocki M, Peterson K, Song Z, Maeda K. Linguistic resources and evaluation techniques for evaluation of cross-document automatic content extraction [C]// Proceedings of the Sixth International Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, Marrakech, Morocco. 2008: 1–4.

  4. Doddington G, Mitchell A, Przybocki M, Ramshaw L, Strassel S, Weischedel R. The automatic content extraction (ace) program tasks, data, and evaluation [C]// Proceedings of the language Resources and Evaluation Conference, Canary Isands, Spain. 2004: 837–840.

  5. Vethagen M, Gaizauslas R, Schilder F, Hepple M, Katz G, Pustejovsky J. Semeval-2007 task 15: Tempeval temporal relation identification [C]// Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluations, Prague, Czech Republic. 2007: 75–80.

  6. Pustejovsky J, Verhagen M. SemEval-2010 task 13: Evaluating events, time expressions, and temporal relations (TempEval-2) [C]// Proceedings of the NAACL HLT Workshop on Semantic Evaluations: Recent Achievements and Future Directions, Colorado, USA. 2009: 112–116.

  7. Katz G, Aeosio F. The annotation of temporal information in natural language sentences [C]// Proceedings of the Workshop on Temporal and Spatial Information Processing, Toulouse, France. 2001: 1–8.

  8. Lapata M, Lascarides A. Learning sentence-internal temporal relations [J]. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, 2006, 27: 85–117.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Mani I, Verhagen M, Wellner B, Lee C M, Pustejovsky J. Machine learning of temporal relations [C]// Proceedings of the 44th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics Sydney, Australia. 2006: 753–760.

  10. Pustejovsky J, Hanks P, Sauri R, See A, Gaizauskas R. The timebank corpus [C]// Proceedings of Corpus Linguistics. 2003: 647–656.

  11. Li W, Wong K F. A word-based approach for modeling and discovering temporal relations embedded in Chinese sentences [J]. ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing, 2002, 1(3): 173–206.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Li W, Wong K, Cao G, Yuan C. Applying machine learning to Chinese temporal relation resolution [C]// Proceedings of the 42nd Annuald Barcelona, Spain. Association for Computational Linguistics. 2004: 582–588.

  13. Aallen J F. An interval-based representation of temporal knowledge [C]// Proceedings of the 7th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vancouver, Canada. 1981: 221–226.

  14. Reichembach H. Elements of symbolic logic [M]. New York: Macmillan, 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Tatu M, Srikanth M. Experiments with reasoning for temporal relations between events [C]// Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Manchester, Englund. 2008: 857–864.

  16. Fu J F, Liu W, Liu Z F, Zhu S S. A Study of Chinese event taggability [C]// Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, Singapore. 2010: 400–404.

  17. Chang C C, Lin C J. LIBSVM: A library for support vector machines [EB/OL]. (2001-6-10) [2011-7-15]. http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/cjlin/libsvm.

  18. Kapur J N, Kwsavan H K. Entropy optimization principles with applications [M]. New York: Academic, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Zhanf B O. The computational models of natural language processing [J]. Journal of Chinese Information Processing, 2007, 21(3): 3–7 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Lu Song, Bai Shuo. Quantitative analys is of context field in natural language processing [J]. Chinese Journal of Computers, 2001, 24(7): 742–747 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Liu  (刘 炜).

Additional information

Project supported the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60975033), the Basic Scientific Research Project of International Centre for Bamboo Rattan (Grant No.1632009006), and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. J50103)

About this article

Cite this article

Wang, D., Zhu, P., Zhu, Ss. et al. Event temporal relation computation based on machine learning. J. Shanghai Univ.(Engl. Ed.) 15, 487–492 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11741-011-0773-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11741-011-0773-3

Keywords

Navigation