Abstract
Bismuth telluride is known to wield unique properties for a wide range of device applications. However, as devices migrate to the nanometer scale, significant amount of studies are being conducted to keep up with the rapidly growing nanotechnological field. Bi2Te3 possesses distinctive properties at the nanometer level from its bulk material. Therefore, varying synthesis and characterization techniques are being employed for the realization of various Bi2Te3 nanostructures in the past years. A considerable number of these works have aimed at improving the thermoelectric (TE) figure-of-merit (ZT) of the Bi2Te3 nanostructures and drawing from their topological insulating properties. This paper reviews the various Bi2Te3 and Bi2Te3-based nanostructures realized via theoretical and experimental procedures. The study probes the preparation techniques, TE properties and the topological insulating effects of 0D, 1D, 2D and Bi2Te3 nanocomposites. With several applications as a topological insulator (TI), the topological insulating effect of the Bi2Te3 is reviewed in detail with the time reversal symmetry (TRS) and surface state spins which characterize TIs. Schematics and preparation methods for the various nanostructural dimensions are accordingly categorized.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bonificio W D, Clarke D R. Bacterial recovery and recycling of tellurium from tellurium-containing compounds by Pseudoalteromonas sp. EPR3. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 2014, 117(5): 1293–1304
Bark H, Kim J S, Kim H, et al. Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on the thermoelectric properties of a bismuth telluride matrix. Current Applied Physics, 2013, 13(Supplement 2): S111–S114
Touzelbaev M N, Zhou P, Venkatasubramanian R, et al. Thermal characterization of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices. Journal of Applied Physics, 2001, 90(2): 763–767
Zhang H T, Luo X G, Wang C H, et al. Characterization of nanocrystalline bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) synthesized by a hydrothermal method. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2004, 265(3–4): 558–562
Toprak M, Zhang Y, Muhammed M. Chemical alloying and characterization of nanocrystalline bismuth telluride. Materials Letters, 2003, 57(24–25): 3976–3982
Cao Y, Waugh J A, Zhang X W, et al. Mapping the orbital wavefunction of the surface states in three-dimensional topological insulators. Nature Physics, 2013, 9(8): 499–504
McCulley M J, Neudeck GW, Liedl G L. Electrical properties of rf sputtered bismuth telluride thin films. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology, 1973, 10(2): 391
Noro H, Sato K, Kagechika H. The thermoelectric properties and crystallography of Bi-Sb-Te-Se thin films grown by ion beam sputtering. Journal of Applied Physics, 1993, 73(3): 1252–1260
Pattamatta A, Madnia C K. Modeling heat transfer in Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 nanostructures. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2009, 52(3–4): 860–869
Singh M P, Bhandari C M. Thermoelectric properties of bismuth telluride quantum wires. Solid State Communications, 2003, 127(9–10): 649–654
Zeng G, Bahk J H, Bowers J E, et al. Thermoelectric power generator module of 16 × 16 Bi2Te3 and 0.6% ErAs: (InGaAs)1 − x (InAlAs)x segmented elements. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 95(8): 083503
Eremeev S V, Landolt G, Menshchikova T V, et al. Atomspecific spin mapping and buried topological states in a homologous series of topological insulators. Nature Communications, 2012, 3: 635
Jin C Q, Wang X C, Liu Q Q, et al. New quantum matters: Build up versus high pressure tuning. Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy, 2013, 56(12): 2337–2350
Chiritescu C, Mortensen C, Cahill D G, et al. Lower limit to the lattice thermal conductivity of nanostructured Bi2Te3-based materials. Journal of Applied Physics, 2009, 106(7): 073503
Chen Z G, Han G, Yang L, et al. Nanostructured thermoelectric materials: Current research and future challenge. Progress in Natural Science, 2012, 22(6): 535–549
Wang Y, Liebig C, Xu X, et al. Acoustic phonon scattering in Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 superlattices. Applied Physics Letters, 2010, 97(8): 083103
Chatterjee K, Mitra M, Kargupta K, et al. Synthesis, characterization and enhanced thermoelectric performance of structurally ordered cable-like novel polyaniline-bismuth telluride nanocomposite. Nanotechnology, 2013, 24(21): 215703 (10 pages)
Scheele M, Oeschler N, Meier K, et al. Synthesis and thermoelectric characterization of Bi2Te3 nanoparticles. Advanced Functional Materials, 2009, 19(21): 3476–3483
Tu N H, Tanabe Y, Huynh K K, et al. Van der Waals epitaxial growth of topological insulator Bi2 − x SbxTe3 − y Sey ultrathin nanoplate on electrically insulating fluorophlogopite mica. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105: 063104
Wang N, Cai Y, Zhang R Q. Growth of nanowires. Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, 2008, 60(1–6): 1–51
Liu Z, Wei X, Wang J, et al. Local structures around 3D metal dopants in topological insulator Bi2Se3 studied by EXAFS measurements. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 90(9): 094107
Hines M, Lenhardt J, Lu M, et al. Cooling effect of nanoscale Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 multilayered thermoelectric thin films. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 2012, 30(4): 041509
Le P H, Liao C, Luo C W, et al. Thermoelectric properties of nanostructured bismuth-telluride thin films grown using pulsed laser deposition. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, 615: 546–552
Sun T, Samani M K, Khosravian N, et al. Enhanced thermoelectric properties of the n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 thin films through the introduction of Pt nano inclusions by pulsed laser deposition. Nano Energy, 2014, 8: 223–230
Lee G E, Kim I H, Lim Y S, et al. Preparation and thermoelectric properties of Iodine-doped Bi2Te3-Bi2Se3 solid solutions. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 2014, 65(5): 696–701
Chen Y R, Hwang W S, Hsieh H L, et al. Thermal and microstructure simulation of thermoelectric material Bi2Te3 grown by zone melting technique. Journal of Crystal Growth, 2014, 402: 273–284
Mehta R J, Zhang Y, Karthik C, et al. A new class of doped nanobulk high-figure-of-merit thermoelectrics by scalable bottom-up assembly. Nature Materials, 2012, 11(3): 233–240
Zhou J, Wang Y, Sharp J, et al. Optimal thermoelectric figure of merit in Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 quantum dot nanocomposites. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2012, 85(11): 115320
de Juan F, Ilan R, Bardarson J H. Robust transport signatures of topological superconductivity in topological insulator nanowires. Physical Review Letters, 2014, 113(10): 107003
Hamdou B, Beckstedt A, Kimling J, et al. The influence of a Tedepleted surface on the thermoelectric transport properties of Bi2Te3 nanowires. Nanotechnology, 2014, 25(36): 365401 (7 pages)
Tittes K, Bund A, Plieth W, et al. Electrochemical deposition of Bi2Te3 for thermoelectric microdevices. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry, 2003, 7(10): 714–723
Pokropivny V V, Skorokhod V V. Classification of nanostructures by dimensionality and concept of surface forms engineering in nanomaterials science. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2007, 27(5–8): 990–993
Chen X, Liu L, Dong Y, et al. Preparation of nano-sized Bi2Te3 thermoelectric material powders by cryogenic grinding. Progress in Natural Science, 2012, 22(3): 201–206
Novaconi S, Vlazan P, Malaescu I, et al. Doped Bi2Te3 nanostructured semiconductors obtained by ultrasonically assisted hydrothermal method. Central European Journal of Chemistry, 2013, 11(10): 1599–1605
Kaspar K, Pelz U, Hillebrecht H. Polyol synthesis of nano-Bi2Te3. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2014, 43(4): 1200–1206
Kim D H, Kim C, Heo S H, et al. Influence of powder morphology on thermoelectric anisotropy of spark-plasmasintered Bi-Te-based thermoelectric materials. Acta Materialia, 2011, 59(1): 405–411
Teo J C Y, Fu L, Kane C L. Surface states and topological invariants in three-dimensional topological insulators: Application to Bi1 − x Sbx. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2008, 78(4): 045426
Chen L, Zhao Q, Ruan X. Facile synthesis of ultra-small Bi2Te3 nanoparticles, nanorods and nanoplates and their morphologydependent Raman spectroscopy. Materials Letters, 2012, 82: 112–115
Zhang Y, Wang H, Kräemer S, et al. Surfactant-free synthesis of Bi2Te3-Te micro-nano heterostructure with enhanced thermoelectric figure of merit. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(4): 3158–3165
Takahashi M, Kojima M, Sato S, et al. Electric and thermoelectric properties of electrodeposited bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) films. Journal of Applied Physics, 2004, 96(10): 5582
Zhang Y, Wang X L, Yeoh W K, et al. Electrical and thermoelectric properties of single-wall carbon nanotube doped Bi2Te3. Applied Physics Letters, 2012, 101(3): 031909
Fan S, Zhao J, Yan Q, et al. Influence of nanoinclusions on thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te3 nanocomposites. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2011, 40(5): 1018–1023
Ao W Q, Wang L, Li J Q, et al. Synthesis and characterization of polythioplhene/Bi2Te3 nanocomposite thermoelectric material. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2011, 40(9): 2027–2032
Pelz U, Kaspar K, Schmidt S, et al. An aqueous-chemistry approach to nano-bismuth telluride and nano-antimony telluride as thermoelectric materials. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2012, 41(6): 1851–1857
Chowdhury I, Prasher R, Lofgreen K, et al. On-chip cooling by superlattice-based thin-film thermoelectrics. Nature Nanotechnology, 2009, 4(4): 235–238
Li F, Huang X, Sun Z, et al. Enhanced thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te3-based nanocomposite fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2011, 509(14): 4769–4773
Deng Y, Zhou X, Wei G, et al. Solvothermal preparation and characterization of nanocrystalline Bi2Te3 powder with different morphology. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 2002, 63(11): 2119–2121
Chen Y L, Analytis J G, Chu J H, et al. Experimental realization of a three-dimensional topological insulator, Bi2Te3. Science, 2009, 325(5937): 178–181
Zhou B, Zhao Y, Pu L, et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of nanocrystalline Bi2Te3. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2006, 96(2–3): 192–196
Jiang Y, Zhu Y J, Chen L D. Microwave-assisted preparation of Bi2Te3 hollow nanospheres. Chemistry Letters, 2007, 36(3): 382–383
Kim C, Kim D H, Han Y S, et al. Fabrication of bismuth telluride nanoparticles using a chemical synthetic process and their thermoelectric evaluations. Powder Technology, 2011, 214(3): 463–468
Mi J L, Lock N, Sun T, et al. Biomolecule-assisted hydrothermal synthesis and self-assembly of Bi2Te3 nanostring-cluster hierarchical structure. ACS Nano, 2010, 4(5): 2523–2530
Xiao F, Yoo B, Lee K H, et al. Synthesis of Bi2Te3 nanotubes by galvanic displacement. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2007, 129(33): 10068–10069
Kong D, Randel J C, Peng H, et al. Topological insulator nanowires and nanoribbons. Nano Letters, 2010, 10(1): 329–333
Lee J, Kim J, Moon W, et al. Enhanced Seebeck coefficients of thermoelectric Bi2Te3 nanowires as a result of an optimized annealing process. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2012, 116(36): 19512–19516
Chen C L, Chen Y Y, Lin S J, et al. Fabrication and characterization of electrodeposited bismuth telluride films and nanowires. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2010, 114(8): 3385–3389
Picht O, Müller S, Alber I, et al. Tuning the geometrical and crystallographic characteristics of Bi2Te3 nanowires by electrodeposition in ion-track membranes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2012, 116(9): 5367–5375
Cao Y Q, Zhu T J, Zhao X B. Thermoelectric Bi2Te3 nanotubes synthesized by low-temperature aqueous chemical method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2008, 449(1–2): 109–112
Wang Z, Wang F, Chen H, et al. Synthesis and characterization of Bi2Te3 nanotubes by a hydrothermal method. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010, 492(1–2): L50–L53
Kim S H, Park B K. Solvothermal synthesis of Bi2Te3 nanotubes by the interdiffusion of Bi and Te metals. Materials Letters, 2010, 64(8): 938–941
Wei Q, Su Y, Yang C J, et al. The synthesis of Bi2Te3 nanobelts by vapor-liquid-solid method and their electric transport properties. Journal of Materials Science, 2011, 46(7): 2267–2272
Yao Q, Zhu Y, Chen L, et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization of Bi2Te3 nanosheets and nanotubes. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2009, 481(1–2): 91–95
Xiao F, Yoo B, Lee K H, et al. Synthesis of Bi2Te3 nanotubes by galvanic displacement. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2007, 129(33): 10068–10069
Zhang G, Yu Q, Yao Z, et al. Large scale highly crystalline Bi2Te3 nanotubes through solution phase nanoscale Kirkendall effect fabrication. Chemical Communications, 2009, 17(17): 2317–2319
Li X L, Cai K F, Yu D H, et al. Electrodeposition and characterization of thermoelectric Bi2Te2Se/Te multilayer nanowire arrays. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2011, 50(5): 557–562
Deng Y, Xiang Y, Song Y. Template-free synthesis and transport properties of Bi2Te3 ordered nanowire arrays via a physical vapor process. Crystal Growth & Design, 2009, 9(7): 3079–3082
Cha J J, Kong D, Hong S S, et al. Weak antilocalization in Bi2(SexTe1 − x )3 nanoribbons and nanoplates. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(2): 1107–1111
Du Y, Cai K F, Chen S, et al. Facile preparation and thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 based alloy nanosheet/PEDOT:PSS composite films. Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2014, 6(8): 5735–5743
Son J S, Choi M K, Han M K, et al. n-Type nanostructured thermoelectric materials prepared from chemically synthesized ultrathin Bi2Te3 nanoplates. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(2): 640–647
Li H D, Gao L, Li H, et al. Growth and band alignment of Bi2Te3 topological insulator on H-terminated Si(111) van der Waals surface. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(7): 074106
Punita S, Kedar S. Morphological evolution in single-crystalline Bi2Te3 nanoparticles, nanosheet and nanotubes with different synthesis temperatures. Bulletin of Materials Science, 2013, 36(5): 765–770
Wang Z Y, Guo X, Li H D, et al. Supperlattices of Bi2Se3/In2Se3: Growth characteristics and structural properties. Applied Physics Letters, 2011, 99(2): 023112
König J D, Winkler M, Buller S, et al. Bi2Te3-Sb2Te3 superlattices grown by nanoalloying. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2011, 40(5): 1266–1270
Pettes MT, Maassen J, Jo I, et al. Effects of surface band bending and scattering on thermoelectric transport in suspended bismuth telluride nanoplates. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(11): 5316–5322
Li J, Lou W K, Zhang D, et al. Single- and few-electron states in topological-insulator quantum dots. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 90(11): 115303
Gurevich V L, Thellung A. Conductance and thermoelectric effect in a two-dimensional collisionless electron gas. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2002, 65(15): 153313
Wang X R, Wang Y, Sun Z Z. Antiresonance scattering at defect levels in the quantum conductance of a one-dimensional system. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2002, 65(19): 193402
Nurnus J, Bottner H, Lambrecht A. In: Proceeding of the 22nd International Conference on Thermoelectrics, 2003, 655
Zhao L, Deng H, Korzhovska I, et al. Singular robust roomtemperature spin response from topological Dirac fermions. Nature Materials, 2014, 13(6): 580–585
Hicks L D, Dresselhaus M S. Thermoelectric figure of merit of a one-dimensional conductor. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 1993, 47(24): 16631–16634
Hicks L D, Harman T C, Sun X, et al. Experimental study of the effect of quantum-well structures on the thermoelectric figure of merit. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 1996, 53(16): R10493–R10496
Guo H, Lin Y, Shen S Q. Dimensional evolution between oneand two-dimensional topological phases. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 90(8): 085413
Weng M Q, Wu M W. High-field charge transport on the surface of Bi2Se3. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 90(12): 125306
Termentzidis K, Pokropyvnyy O, Woda M, et al. Large thermal conductivity decrease in point defective Bi2Te3 bulk materials and superlattices. Journal of Applied Physics, 2013, 113(1): 013506
Takashiri M, Miyazaki K, Tanaka S, et al. Effect of grain size on thermoelectric properties of n-type nanocrystalline bismuth-telluride based thin films. Journal of Applied Physics, 2008, 104(8): 084302
Jiang Y, Sun Y Y, Chen M, et al. Fermi-level tuning of epitaxial Sb2Te3 thin films on graphene by regulating intrinsic defects and substrate transfer doping. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 108(6): 066809
Li H, Cao J, Zheng W, et al. Controlled synthesis of topological insulator nanoplate arrays on mica. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2012, 134(14): 6132–6135
Kwon S D, Ju B, Yoon S J, et al. Fabrication of bismuth telluridebased alloy thin film thermoelectric devices grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2009, 38(7): 920–924
Kong D, Dang W, Cha J J, et al. Few-layer nanoplates of Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 with highly tunable chemical potential. Nano Letters, 2010, 10(6): 2245–2250
Budnik A V, Rogacheva E I, Pinegin V I, et al. Effect of initial bulk material composition on thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3 thin films. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2013, 42(7): 1324–1329
Ridhi R, Tripathi S K. Preparation and characterization of bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3)-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2013, 1536: 131–132
Kim H J, Han M K, Yo C H, et al. Effects of Bi2Se3 nanoparticle inclusions on the microstructure and thermoelectric properties of Bi2Te3-based nanocomposites. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2012, 41(12): 3411–3416
Gooth J, Hamdou B, Dorn A, et al. Resolving the Dirac cone on the surface of Bi2Te3 topological insulator nano wires by fieldeffect measurements. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 104(24): 243115
Biswas K G, Sands T D, Cola B A, et al. Thermal conductivity of bismuth telluride nanowire arry-epoxy composite. Applied Physics Letters, 2009, 94(22): 223116
Deng Y, Cui C W, Zhang N L, et al. Bi2Te3-Te nanocomposite formed by epitaxial growth of Bi2Te3 sheets on Te rod. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2006, 179(5): 1575–1580
Kim K T, Kim D W, Ha G H. Direct synthesis of Te/Bi2Te3 nanocomposite powders by a polyol process. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2010, 36(6–7): 835–841
Kim K T, Koo H Y, Lee G G, et al. Synthesis of alumina nanoparticle-embedded-bismuth telluride matrix thermoelectric composite powders. Materials Letters, 2012, 82: 141–144
Zhou L, Zhang X, Zhao X, et al. Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotube supported Bi2Te3 nanacrystals. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010, 502(2): 329–332
Vigil-Galan O, Cruz-Gandarilla F, Fandiño J, et al. Physical properties of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films deposited by close space vapor transport. Semiconductor Science and Technology, 2009, 24(2): 025025
Zheng Z H, Fan P, Chen T B, et al. Optimization in fabricating bismuth telluride thin films by ion beam sputtering deposition. Thin Solid Films, 2012, 520(16): 5245–5248
Boulanger C. Thermoelectric material electroplating: a historical review. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2010, 39(9): 1818–1827
Goncalves L M, Couto C, Alpuim P, et al. Optimization of thermoelectric properties on Bi2Te3 thin films deposited by thermal co-evaporation. Thin Solid Films, 2010, 518(10): 2816–2821
Olbrich P, Golub L E, Herrmann T, et al. Room-temperature high-frequency transport of Dirac fermions in epitaxially grown Sb2Te3- and Bi2Te3-based topological insulators. Physical Review Letters, 2014, 113(9): 096601
Peng H, Lai K, Kong D, et al. Aharonov-Bohm interference in topological insulator nanoribbons. Nature Materials, 2010, 9(3): 225–229
Sau J D, Lutchyn R M, Tewari S, et al. Generic new platform for topological quantum computation using semiconductor heterostructures. Physical Review Letters, 2010, 104(4): 040502
Das A, Ronen Y, Most Y, et al. Zero-bias peaks and splitting in an Al-InAs nanowire topological superconductor as a signature of Majorana fermions. Nature Physics, 2012, 8(12): 887–895
Mourik V, Zuo K, Frolov S M, et al. Signatures of Majorana fermions in hybrid superconductor-semiconductor nanowire devices. Science, 2012, 336(6084): 1003–1007
Zhang F, Kane C L, Mele E J. Time-reversal-invariant topological superconductivity and Majorana Kramers pairs. Physical Review Letters, 2013, 111(5): 056402
Hasan M Z, Kane C L. Topological insulators. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2010, 82(4): 3045–3067
Alexandradinata A, Fang C, Gilbert M J, et al. Spin-orbit-free topological insulators without time-reversal symmetry. Physical Review Letters, 2014, 113(11): 116403
Halász G B, Balents L. Time-reversal invariant realization of the Weyl semimetal phase. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2012, 85(3): 035103
Ojanen T. Helical Fermi arcs and surface states in time-reversal invariant Weyl semimetals. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2013, 87(24): 245112
Okugawa R, Murakami S. Dispersion of Fermi arcs in Weyl semimetals and their evolutions to Dirac cones. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 89(23): 235315
Balents L. Weyl electrons kiss. Physics, 2011, 4: 36 (2 pages)
Arrachea L, Aligia A A. Unveiling a crystalline topological insulator in a Weyl semimetal with time-reversal symmetry. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 90(12): 125101
Zhang T, Cheng P, Chen X, et al. Experimental demonstration of topological surface states protected by time-reversal symmetry. Physical Review Letters, 2009, 103(26): 266803
König M, Wiedmann S, Brüne C, et al. Quantum spin hall insulator state in HgTe quantum wells. Science, 2007, 318(5851): 766–770
Xia Y, Qian D, Hsieh D, et al. Observation of a large-gap topological-insulator class with a single Dirac cone on the surface. Nature Physics, 2009, 5(6): 398–402
Hsieh D, Xia Y, Qian D, et al. A tunable topological insulator in the spin helical Dirac transport regime. Nature, 2009, 460(7259): 1101–1105
Yan B, Zhang S C. Topological materials. Reports on Progress in Physics, 2012, 75: 096501 (23 pages)
Fu L, Kane C L, Mele E J. Topological insulators in three dimensions. Physical Review Letters, 2007, 98(10): 106803
Roy R. Topological phases and the quantum spin Hall effect in three dimensions. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2009, 79(19): 195322
Bernevig B A, Hughes T L, Zhang S C. Quantum spin Hall effect and topological phase transition in HgTe quantum wells. Science, 2006, 314(5806): 1757–1761
Liu C X, Qi X L, Zhang H J, et al. Model Hamiltonian for topological insulators. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2010, 82(4): 045122
Luo W, Qi X L. Massive Dirac surface states in topological insulator/magnetic insulator heterostructures. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2013, 87(8): 085431
Tang J, Chang L T, Kou X, et al. Electrical detection of spinpolarized surface states conduction in (Bi0.53Sb0.47)2Te3 topological insulator. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(9): 5423–5429
Qi X L, Hughes T L, Zhang S C. Topological field theory of timereversal invariant insulators. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2008, 78(19): 195424
Hamdou B, Gooth J, Dorn A, et al. Surface state dominated transport in topological insulator Bi2Te3 nanowires. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 103(19): 193107
Wang C, Potter A C, Senthil T. Classification of interacting electronic topological insulators in three dimensions. Science, 2014, 343: 6171
Wang J, Li H, Chang C, et al. Anomalous anisotropic magnetoresistance in topological insulator films. Nano Research, 2012, 5(10): 739–746
Cheng L, Liu H J, Zhang J, et al. Effects of van der Waals interactions and quasiparticle corrections on the electronic and transport properties of Bi2Te3. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 90(8): 085118
Li L L, Xu W. Thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional topological insulators doped with nonmagnetic impurities. Journal of Applied Physics, 2014, 116(1): 013706
Lee J, Koo J, Chi C, et al. All-fiberized, passively Q-switched 1.06 μm laser using a bulk-structured Bi2Te3 topological insulator. Journal of Optics, 2014, 16(8): 085203
Xiu F, He L, Wang Y, et al. Manipulating surface states in topological insulator nanoribbons. Nature Nanotechnology, 2011, 6(4): 216–221
Yu C, Zhang G, Peng L M, et al. Thermal transport along Bi2Te3 topological insulator nanowires. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105(2): 023903
Checkelsky J G, Hor Y S, Liu M H, et al. Quantum interference in macroscopic crystals of nonmetallic Bi2Se3. Physical Review Letters, 2009, 103(24): 246601
Steinberg H, Gardner D R, Lee Y S, et al. Surface state transport and ambipolar electric field effect in Bi2Se3 nanodevices. Nano Letters, 2010, 10(12): 5032–5036
Matsubayashi K, Terai T, Zhou J S, et al. Superconductivity in the topological insulator Bi2Te3 under hydrostatic pressure. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter and Materials Physics, 2014, 90(12): 125126
Li H D, Wang Z M, eds. Bismuth-Containing Compounds. New York: Springer, 2013, 1–370
Ballet P, Thomas C, Baudry X, et al. MBE growth of strained HgTe/CdTe topological insulator structures. Journal of Electronic Materials, 2014, 43(8): 2955–2962
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ashalley, E., Chen, H., Tong, X. et al. Bismuth telluride nanostructures: preparation, thermoelectric properties and topological insulating effect. Front. Mater. Sci. 9, 103–125 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-015-0285-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-015-0285-9