Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Formation of Expanded Austenite on a Cold-Sprayed AISI 316L Coating by Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding

  • Peer Reviewed
  • Published:
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Low-temperature plasma nitriding at temperatures below 450 °C is commonly applied to austenitic stainless steels to enhance wear resistance, while maintaining corrosion resistance, by forming expanded austenite (known as the S-phase). In this work, low-temperature plasma nitriding of cold-sprayed AISI 316L coatings was examined. A cold-spray technique was developed to produce metal coatings with less oxidation. However, the cold-sprayed AISI 316L coating obtained by use of nitrogen gas as propellant contained many interconnected pores and cracks, and was, consequently, unsuitable as an anticorrosive coating. Therefore, laser post-treatment was used to modify the coating and increase its density to similar to that of bulk steel. The anticorrosive performance of this coating on a carbon steel substrate in NaCl solution was substantially improved. Subsequent low-temperature plasma nitriding enhanced the wear resistance by two orders of magnitude. It is concluded that cold-sprayed AISI 316L coatings treated by laser post-treatment and subsequent low-temperature plasma nitriding could be used as protective coatings under severe wear and corrosion conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Z.L. Zhang and T. Bell, Structure and Corrosion Resistance of Plasma Nitride Stainless Steel, Surf. Eng, 1985, 1(2), p 131-136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Ichii, K. Fujimura, and T. Takase, Structure of the Ion-Nitrided Layer of 18-8 Stainless Steel, Tech. Rep. Kansai Univ., 1986, 27, p 135-144

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. Saker, C. Leroy, H. Michel, and C. Frantz, Properties of Sputtered Stainless Steel-Nitrogen Coatings and Structural Analogy with Low Temperature Plasma Nitrided Layers of Austenitic Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1990, 140, p 702-708

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. E. Menthe, K.-T. Rie, J.W. Schultze, and S. Simson, Structure and Properties of Plasma Nitrided Stainless Steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1995, 74–75, p 412-416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. B. Larisch, U. Brusky, and H.-J. Spies, Plasma Nitriding of Stainless Steels at Low Temperatures, Surf. Coat. Technol, 1999, 116–119, p 205-211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. Sun, X.Y. Li, and T. Bell, X-Ray Diffraction Characterization of Low Temperature Plasma Nitrided Austenitic Stainless Steels, J. Mater. Sci., 1999, 34, p 4793-4802

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. W. Liang, X. Bin, Y. Zhiwei, and S. Yaqin, The Wear and Corrosion Properties of Stainless Steel Nitride by Low-Pressure Plasma-Arc Source Ion Nitriding at Low Temperatures, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2000, 130, p 304-308

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. J. Baranow, Characteristic of the Nitride Layers on the Stainless Steel at Low Temperature, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2004, 180–181, p 145-149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. N. Mingolo, A.P. Tschiptschin, and C.E. Pinedo, On the Formation of Expanded Austenite During Plasma Nitriding of an AISI, 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel, Surf Coat Technol, 2006, 201, p 4215-4218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. L.C. Gontijo, R. Machado, E.J. Miola, L.C. Casteletti, N.G. Alcantara, and P.A.P. Nascente, Study of the S Phase Formed on Plasma-Nitrided AISI, 316L Stainless Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 431, p 315-321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. A.S. Hamdy, B. Marx, and D. Butt, Corrosion Behavior of Nitride Layer Obtained on AISI, 316L Stainless Steel Via Simple Direct Nitridation Route at Low Temperature, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2011, 126, p 507-514

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. M. Chemkhi, D. Retraint, A. Roos, C. Garnier, L. Waltz, C. Demangel, and G. Proust, The Effect of Surface Mechanical Attrition Treatment on Low Temperature Plasma Nitriding of an Austenitic Stainless Steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 221, p 191-195

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. K. Köster, P. Kaestner, G. Bräuer, H. Hoche, T. Troßmann, and M. Oechsner, Material Condition Tailored to Plasma Nitriding Process for Ensuring Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 228, p S615-618

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Z. Zeng, N. Sakoda, and T. Tajiri, Corrosion Behavior of Wire-Arc-Sprayed Stainless Steel Coating on Mild Steel, J. Therm. Spray Technol., 2006, 15, p 431-437

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Adachi and N. Ueda, Formation of S-Phase Layer on Plasma Sprayed AISI, 316L Stainless Steel Coating by Plasma Nitriding at Low Temperature, Thin Solid Films., 2012, 523, p 11-14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Adachi and N. Ueda, Surface Hardness Improvement of Plasma-Sprayed AISI, 316L Stainless Steel Coating by Low-Temperature Plasma Carburizing, Adv. Powder Technol., 2013, 24, p 818-823

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. S. Adachi and N. Ueda, Combined Plasma Carburizing and Nitriding of Sprayed AISI, 316L Steel Coating for Improved Wear Resistance, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, 259, p 44-49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. T. Schmidt, F. Gartner, and H. Kreye, New Developments in Cold Spray Based on Higher Gas and Particle Temperatures, J. Therm. Spray. Technol., 2006, 15, p 488-494

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. K. Spencer and M.-X. Zhang, Optimisation of Stainless Steel Cold Spray Coatings Using Mixed Particle Size Distributions, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2011, 205, p 5135-5140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. P. Poza, C.J. Munez, M.A. Garrido-Maneiro, S. Vezzu, S. Rech, and A. Trentin, Mechanical Properties of Inconel 625 Cold-Sprayed Coatings After Laser Remelting: Depth Sensing Indentation Analysis, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2014, 243, p 51-57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Sova, S. Grigoriev, A. Okunkova, and I. Smurov, Cold Spray Deposition of 316L Stainless Steel Coatings on Aluminium Surface with Following Laser Post-Treatment, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 235, p 283-289

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. H. He, T. Czerwiec, C. Dong, and H. Michel, Effect of Grain Orientation on the Nitriding Rate of a Nickel Base Alloy Studied by Electron Backscatter Diffraction, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2003, 163–164, p 331-338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. J.C. Stinville, P. Villechaise, C. Templier, J.P. Riviere, and M. Drouet, Plasma Nitriding of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel: Experimental Investigation of Fatigue Life and Surface Evolution, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 204, p 1947-1951

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. W. Moller, S. Parascandola, T. Telbizova, R. Gunzel, and E. Richter, Surface Processes and Diffusion Mechanisms of Ion Nitriding Of Stainless Steel and Aluminium, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2001, 136, p 73-79

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. J.P. Riviere, P. Meheust, J.P. Villain, C. Templier, M. Cahoreau, G. Abrasonis, and L. Pranevicious, High Current Density Nitrogen Implantation of an Austenitic Stainless Steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2002, 158–159, p 99-104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. J. Bielawski, J. Baranowska, and K. Szczecinski, Microstructure and Properties of Layers on Chromium Steel, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 200, p 6572-6577

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Y. Sun, T. Bell, Z. Kolosvary, and J. Flis, The Response of Austenitic Stainless Steels to Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding, Heat Treatment of Metals, 1999, 1, p 9-16

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgment

This work was supported financially by KAKENHI (25420747).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Technology Research Institute of Osaka Prefecture, 2-7-1 Ayumino, Izumi, 594-1157, Japan

    Shinichiro Adachi & Nobuhiro Ueda

Authors
  1. Shinichiro Adachi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nobuhiro Ueda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shinichiro Adachi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Adachi, S., Ueda, N. Formation of Expanded Austenite on a Cold-Sprayed AISI 316L Coating by Low-Temperature Plasma Nitriding. J Therm Spray Tech 24, 1399–1407 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-015-0278-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-015-0278-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation