Abstract
Three kinds of Ti-Ni powders were deposited on 316L stainless steel by low-temperature high-velocity oxygen fuel (LT-HVOF) spraying process, respectively. Deposition mechanisms and oxidation behaviors of the coatings were researched in this paper. The coating deposited from TiNi intermetallic powder had obvious laminar structure and the oxygen content was the highest among the three kinds of coatings. The oxygen content of the coating deposited from small-sized Ni-clad Ti powder was still high due to the melting of parts of particles. However, most of the coarse Ni-clad Ti powder was deposited in solid states without changes of chemical compositions and phase compositions. The oxygen content of the coating deposited from coarse Ni-clad Ti powder was the lowest among the three kinds of coatings. It indicated that the deposition behavior of the coating could effectively preserve the inner titanium from oxidation. The results of the present research demonstrated that it is entirely feasible to deposit active metal materials such as titanium and titanium alloy through the optimizing selection of powder in the LT-HVOF process.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Shahirnia, Z. Farhat, and G. Jarjoura, Effects of Temperature and Loading Rate on the Deformation Characteristics of Superelastic TiNi Shape Memory Alloys Under Localized Compressive Loads, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 530, p 628-632
H.C. Lin, K.M. Lin, and Y.C. Chen, A Study on the Machining Characteristics of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2000, 105(3), p 327-332
H.C. Lin, S.K. Wu, and M.T. Yeh, Damping Characteristics of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys, Metall. Trans. A, 1993, 24(10), p 2189-2194
H.C. Lin and S.K. Wu, The Tensile Behavior of a Cold-Rolled and Reverse-Transformed Equiatomic TiNi Alloy, Acta Mater., 1994, 42(5), p 1623-1630
H.C. Lin, S.K. Wu, and C.H. Yeh, A Comparison of Slurry Erosion Characteristics of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys and SUS304 Stainless Steel, Wear, 2001, 249(7), p 557-565
T. Hisaaki, N. Takafumi, S. Yoshirou, and H. Takahiro, Low-Cycle Fatigue of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy and Formulation of Fatigue Life, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2000, 122(2), p 186-191
D.Y. Li, A New Type of Wear-Resistant Material: Pseudo-Elastic TiNi Alloy, Wear, 1998, 221(2), p 116-123
Y.N. Liang, S.Z. Li, Y.B. Jin, W. Jin, and S. Li, Wear Behavior of a TiNi Alloy, Wear, 1996, 198(1-2), p 236-241
F. Gao and H.M. Wang, Effect of TiNi in Dry Sliding Wear of Laser Melt Deposited Ti2Ni/TiNi Alloys, Mater. Charact., 2008, 59(9), p 1349-1354
S.K. Wu, C.L. Chu, and H.C. Lin, Ion Nitriding of Equiatomic TiNi Shape Memory Alloys II, Corrosion Properties and Wear Characteristics, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1997, 92(3), p 206-211
Y. Oshida, R. Sachdeva, S. Miyazaki, and S. Fukuyo, Biological and Chemical Evaluation of TiNi Alloys, Mater. Sci. Forum, 1991, 56-58, p 705-710
K.S. Zhou, D.Z. Wang, and M. Liu, A Study of the Cavitation Erosion Behavior of a Ti-Ni Alloy Coating, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1987, 34(1), p 79-87
R.H. Richman and W.P. McNaughton, A Metallurgical Approach to Improved Cavitation-Erosion Resistance, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 1997, 6(5), p 633-641
S.K. Wu, H.C. Lin, and C.H. Yeh, A Comparison of the Cavitation Erosion Resistance of TiNi Alloys, SUS304 Stainless Steel and Ni-based Self-Fluxing Alloy, Wear, 2000, 244(1-2), p 85-93
H. Hiraga, T. Inoue, H. Shimura, and A. Matsunawa, Cavitation Erosion Mechanism of NiTi Coatings Made by Laser Plasma Hybrid Spraying, Wear, 1999, 231(2), p 272-278
Y.Q. Yang, H.S. Jia, Z.F. Zhang, H.M. Shen, A. Hu, and Y.N. Wang, Transformations in Sputter-Deposited Thin Films of NiTi Shape Memory Alloy, Mater. Lett., 1995, 22(3-4), p 137-140
K.K. Ho and G.P. Carman, Sputter Deposition of NiTi Thin Film Shape Memory Alloy Using a Heated Target, Thin Solid Films, 2000, 370(57), p 18-29
S.W. Kim, Y.M. Jeon, C.H. Park, J.H. Kim, D.H. Kim, and J.T. Yeom, Martensitic Phase Transformation of TiNi Thin Films Fabricated by Co-sputtering Deposition, J. Alloys Compd., 2013, 580, p 5-9
M. Bram, A. Ahmad-Khanlou, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Stöver, Vacuum Plasma Spraying of NiTi Protection Layers, Mater. Lett., 2002, 57, p 647-651
J. Stella, E. Schüller, C. Heßing, O.A. Hamed, M. Pohl, and D. Stöver, Cavitation Erosion of Plasma-Sprayed NiTi Coatings, Wear, 2006, 260, p 1020-1027
J.M. Guilemany, N. Cinca, S. Dosta, and A.V. Benedetti, Corrosion Behaviour of Thermal Sprayed Nitinol Coatings, Corros. Sci., 2009, 51, p 171-180
H. Nakayama, M. Taya, R.W. Smith, T. Nelson, M. Yu, and E. Rosenzweig, Shape Memory Effect and Superelastic Behavior of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy Processed by Vacuum Plasma Spray Method, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, 459(1-2), p 52-59
J. Kawakit, S. Kuroda, T. Fukushima, H. Katanoda, K. Matsuo, and H. Fukanuma, Dense Titanium Coatings by Modified HVOF Spraying, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2006, 201, p 1250-1255
M.M. Verdian, K. Raeissi, and M. Salehi, Corrosion Performance of HVOF and APS Thermally Sprayed NiTi Intermetallic Coatings in 3.5% NaCl Solution, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52, p 1052-1059
M.M. Verdian, K. Raeissi, and M. Salehi, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of HVOF-Sprayed NiTi Intermetallic Coatings Deposited on AISI, 1045 Steel, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 507, p 42-46
S. Tria, O. Elkedim, W.Y. Li, and H. Liao, Ball Milled Ni-Ti Powder Deposited by Cold Spraying, J. Alloys Compd., 2009, 483, p 334-336
H. Assadi, F. Gärtner, T. Stoltenhoff, and H. Kreye, Bonding Mechanism in Cold Gas Spraying, Acta Mater., 2003, 51, p 4379-4394
K.H. Kim, M. Watanabe, J. Kawakita, and S. Kuroda, Grain Refinement in a Single Titanium Powder Particle Impacted at High Velocity, Scr. Mater., 2008, 59, p 768-771
Q.S. Lin, K.S. Zhou, C.M. Deng, M. Liu, X.L. Xiao, and C.G. Deng, Deposition Behavior and Microstructural Development of TiNi Powder Particles in Low Temperature-HVOF Spraying Process, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2013, 283, p 352-359
C. Borgianni, M. Capitelli, F. Cramarossa, L. Triolo, and E. Molinari, The Behaviour of Metal Oxides Injected into an Argon Induction Plasma, Combust. Flame, 1969, 13(2), p 181-194
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the GuangDong Natural Science Foundation (10151065 101000002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lin, Q.S., Zhou, K.S., Deng, C.M. et al. Deposition Mechanisms and Oxidation Behaviors of Ti-Ni Coatings Deposited in Low-Temperature HVOF Spraying Process. J Therm Spray Tech 23, 892–902 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-014-0117-y
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-014-0117-y