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Microstructure, In Vitro Corrosion Behavior and Cytotoxicity of Biodegradable Mg-Ca-Zn and Mg-Ca-Zn-Bi Alloys

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Abstract

The effects of bismuth (Bi) addition on the microstructure and corrosion behavior of the Mg-Ca-Zn-Bi alloys were evaluated using electron microscopy, electrochemical test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Microstructural observations showed that Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn-xBi (x = 0.5, 1.5, 3 wt.%) are composed of Mg2Ca, Ca2Mg6Zn3 and Mg3Bi2 phases while a new phase Mg2Bi2Ca appeared after the addition of 5 and 12 wt.% Bi to the Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn alloy. Furthermore, the additions of 0.5 wt.% Bi to the Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn alloy slightly improved the corrosion behavior of the alloy, while further increase in Bi amount from 1.5 to 12 wt.% has a deleterious effect on the corrosion behavior of the ternary Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn alloy which is driven by galvanic coupling effect. Cytotoxicity tests indicate that the Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn presents higher cell viability compared to Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn-0.5Bi alloy. In addition, the cell viability of both alloys increased with increasing incubation time while diluting the extracts to 50% and 10% improved the cell viabilities. The present results suggest that the Mg-1.2Ca-1Zn-0.5Bi can be interesting candidate for the development of degradable biomaterials and it is worthwhile for further investigation in an in vivo environment.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the Ministry of Higher Education of Malaysia and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for providing research facilities and financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran

    H. R. Bakhsheshi-Rad, M. Kasiri-Asgarani & S. Jabbarzare

  2. Department of Materials, Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    E. Hamzah & H. Y. Tok

  3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia University, 1455 De Maisonneuve Blvd. West, Montreal, QC, H3G 1M8, Canada

    M. Medraj

  4. Mechanical and Materials Engineering Department, Masdar Institute, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    M. Medraj

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  1. H. R. Bakhsheshi-Rad
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Bakhsheshi-Rad, H.R., Hamzah, E., Tok, H.Y. et al. Microstructure, In Vitro Corrosion Behavior and Cytotoxicity of Biodegradable Mg-Ca-Zn and Mg-Ca-Zn-Bi Alloys. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 26, 653–666 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2499-0

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