Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Kinetics and Boron Diffusion in the FeB/Fe2B Layers Formed at the Surface of Borided High-Alloy Steel

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present study, boron diffusion in the surface layers of AISI M2 borided steels and the growth kinetics of the FeB/Fe2B layers were estimated. The boriding of AISI M2 steel was performed according to the powder-pack method and was conducted at 1173-1323 K and at various exposure times. As a result of the boriding process, the diffusion-controlled growth of the FeB/Fe2B layers was obtained at the surface of the high-alloy steel, and the kinetics of the growth process changed parabolically over time. The boron diffusion coefficients were estimated by solving two simultaneous equations based on the limits of the boron concentration in each layer, the boride incubation time, and the parabolic growth constant. With the proposed diffusion model, an expression, which describes the evolution of the FeB/Fe2B layers, was obtained. Moreover, the proposed model and diverse empirical models presented in the literature provided a good fit to the experimental data obtained for 10 h of exposure and different boriding temperatures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. C.M. Brakman, A.W.J. Gommers, and E.J. Mittemeijer, Boriding of Fe and Fe C, Fe-Cr, and Fe-Ni Alloys: Boride Layer Growth Kinetics, J. Mater. Res., 1989, 4, p 1354–1370

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. J.R. Davis, Surface Hardening of Steels: Understanding the Basics, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2002

    Google Scholar 

  3. S. Sahin, Effects of Boronizing Process on the Surface Roughness and Dimensions of AISI, 1020, AISI, 1040 and AISI, 2714, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2009, 209, p 1736–1741

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Pelleg and M. Judelewicz, Diffusion in the B-α-Fe System and Compound Formation Between Electron Gun Deposited Boron Thin Films and Steel Substrate, Thin Solid Films, 1992, 215, p 35–41

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Raic, Z. Acimovic, N. Vidojevic, and N. Novovic-Simovic, Modelling of Fe2B Boride Layer Growth, J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 1996, 61, p 181–188

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. E. Meléndez, I. Campos, E. Rocha, and M.A. Barrón, Structural and Strength Characterization of Steels Subjected to Boriding Thermochemical process, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1997, 234–236, p 900–903

    Google Scholar 

  7. I. Campos, J. Oseguera, U. Figueroa, J.A. García, O. Bautista, and G. Kelemenis, Kinetic Study of Boron Diffusion in the Paste Boriding Process, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, 352, p 261–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Sen, U. Sen, and C. Bindal, An Approach of Kinetic Study of Borided Steels, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2005, 191, p 274–285

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. L.G. Yu, X.J. Chen, K.A. Khor, and G. Sundararajan, FeB/Fe2B Phase Transformation During SPS Pack-Boriding: Boride Layer Growth Kinetics, Acta Mater., 2005, 53, p 2361–2368

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. I. Campos, R. Torres, G. Ramírez, R. Ganem, and J. Martínez, Growth Kinetics of Iron Boride Layers: Dimensional Analysis, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, 252, p 8662–8667

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Keddam, Computer Simulation of Monolayer Growth Kinetics of Fe2B Phase During the Paste-Boriding Process: Influence of the Paste Thickness, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, 253, p 757–761

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. I. Campos, O. Bautista, G. Ramírez, M. Islas, J. De la Parra, and L. Zúñiga, Effect of Boron Paste Thickness on the Growth Kinetics of Fe2B Boride Layers During the Boriding Process, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2005, 243, p 429–436

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. V.I. Dybkov, Growth of Boride Layers on the 13% Cr Steel Surface in a Mixture of Amorphous Boron and KBF4, J. Mater. Sci., 2007, 42, p 6614–6627

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. I. Campos-Silva, M. Ortiz-Domínguez, M. Keddam, N. López-Perrusquia, A. Carmona-Vargas, and M. Elias-Espinosa, Kinetics of the Formation of Fe2B Layers in Gray Cast Iron: Effects of Boron Concentration and Boride Incubation Time, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2009, 255, p 9290–9295

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. I. Campos-Silva, M. Ortiz-Domínguez, N. López-Perrusquia, A. Meneses-Amador, R. Escobar-Galindo, and J. Martínez-Trinidad, Characterization of AISI, 4140 Borided Steels, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2010, 256, p 2372–2379

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. I. Campos-Silva, M. Ortiz-Domínguez, H. Cimenoglu, R. Escobar-Galindo, M. Keddam, M. Elias-Espinosa, and N. López-Perrusquia, Diffusion Model for Growth of Fe2B Layer in Pure Iron, Surf. Eng., 2011, 27, p 189–195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. T.B. Massalski, Binary Alloys Phase Diagrams, ASM International, Cleveland, OH, 1990

    Google Scholar 

  18. T. Van Rompaey, K.C. Hari Kumar, and P. Wollants, Thermodynamic Optimization of the B-Fe System, J. Alloys Compd., 2002, 334, p 173–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. U. Roy, Phase Boundary Motion and Polyphase Diffusion in Binary Metal-Interstitial Systems, Acta Metall., 1968, 16, p 243–253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. I. Campos-Silva, M. Ortiz-Domínguez, O. Bravo-Bárcenas, M.A. Doñu-Ruiz, D. Bravo-Bárcenas, C. Tapia-Quintero, and M.Y. Jiménez-Reyes, Formation and Kinetics of FeB/Fe2B Layers and Diffusion Zone at the Surface of AISI, 316 Borided Steels, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205, p 403–412

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. V.I. Dybkov, W. Lengauer, and P. Gas, Formation of Boride Layers at the Fe-25% Cr Alloy-Boron Interface, J. Mater. Sci., 2006, 41, p 4948–4960

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. K. Matiasovsky, M. Chrenkova-Paucirova, P. Fellner, and M. Makyta, Electrochemical and Thermochemical Boriding in Molten Salts, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1988, 35, p 133–149

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C. Badini, C. Gianoglio, and G. Pradelli, The Effect of Carbon, Chromium and Nickel on the Hardness of Borided Layers, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1989, 30, p 157–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. I.S. Dukarevich, M.V. Mozharov, and A.S. Shigarev, Redistribution of Elements in Boride Coatings, Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, 1973, 2, p 64–66

    Google Scholar 

  25. K. Genel, I. Ozbek, and C. Bindal, Kinetics of Boriding of AISI, W1 Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, 347, p 311–314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. A. Galibois, O. Boutenko, and B. Voyzelle, Mécanisme de formation des couches borurées sur les aciers a haut carbone-1 Technique des pates, Acta Metall., 1980, 28, p 1753–1763

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. A. Graf von Matuschka, Boronizing, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich, Germany, 1980

    Google Scholar 

  28. I. Campos, R. Torres, O. Bautista, G. Ramírez, and L. Zuñiga, Effect of Boron Paste Thickness on the Growth Kinetics of Polyphase Boride Coatings During the Boriding Process, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2006, 252, p 2396–2403

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. K. Genel, Boriding Kinetics of H13 Steel, Vacuum, 2006, 80, p 451–457

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. W. Fichtl, Boronizing and Its Practical Applications, Mater. Eng., 1981, 2, p 276–286

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study has been supported by the research grants 150556 from CONACyT and 20120594 from the Instituto Politecnico Nacional in Mexico. The authors wish to thank M. en C. Omar Novelo and Omar Damian Mejia for their valuable collaboration for this study.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Grupo Ingeniería de Superficies, SEPI-ESIME, U.P. Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, 07738, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    I. Campos-Silva, M. Ortiz-Domínguez, C. Tapia-Quintero, G. Rodríguez-Castro, M. Y. Jiménez-Reyes & E. Chávez-Gutiérrez

Authors
  1. I. Campos-Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Ortiz-Domínguez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Tapia-Quintero
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. G. Rodríguez-Castro
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. M. Y. Jiménez-Reyes
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. E. Chávez-Gutiérrez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. Campos-Silva.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Campos-Silva, I., Ortiz-Domínguez, M., Tapia-Quintero, C. et al. Kinetics and Boron Diffusion in the FeB/Fe2B Layers Formed at the Surface of Borided High-Alloy Steel. J. of Materi Eng and Perform 21, 1714–1723 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0088-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0088-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation