Undoped and doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires were synthesized by decomposing metal salts in trioctylamine at 300°C. By adding metal salts during the formation of the wires, effective incorporation of Ga and Al up to 5% was achieved, as measured by energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. No secondary phase was detected by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The nanowires were single-crystalline with a wurtzite lattice structure. Films made with doped wires show a complex dependence of the sheet resistance on processing conditions and dopant concentration. Thermal annealing treatment reduced the sheet resistance to values of 103 Ω/square.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
W. Water, Y.S. Yan, T.H. Meena, Sensors Actuators A 144, 105 (2008) doi:10.1016/j.sna.2007.12.007
S.Y. Yang, P·H. Yang, C.D. Liao, J.J. Chieh, Y.P. Chen, H.E. Hornga, C.Y. Hong, H·C. Yang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 231108 (2006) doi:10.1063/1.2402876
Y. Jin, J. Wang, B. Sun, J.C. Blakesley, N·C. Greenham, Nano. Lett. 8(6), 1649 (2008) doi:10.1021/nl0803702
D. Lin, H. Wu, W. Pan, Adv. Mater. 19, 3968 (2007) doi:10.1002/adma.200602802
J.B·K. Law, J.T.L. Thong, Nanotechnology 19, 205502 (2008) doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/20/205502
D.C. Olson, Y.J. Lee, M.S. White, N. Kopidakis, S.E. Shaheen, D.S. Ginley, J.A. Voigt, J.W·P. Hsu, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 16640 (2007) doi:10.1021/jp0757816
K. Byrappa, S. Ohara, T. Adschiri, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60, 299 (2008) doi:10.1016/j.addr.2007.09.001
Y. Liu, Y. Zhang, S. Wang, C. Pope, W. Chen, Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 143901 (2008) doi:10.1063/1.2908211
D.C. Reynolds, D.C. Look, B. Jogai, C·W. Litton, T.C. Collins, W. Harsch, G. Cantwell, Phys. Rev. B 57(19), 12151 (1998) doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.57.12151
Ü. ÖzgÜr, Y.I. Alivov, C. Liu, A. Teke, M.A. Reshchikov, S. Doğan, V. Avrutin, S.J. Cho, H. Morkoç, J. Appl. Phys. 98, 041301 (2005) doi:10.1063/1.1992666
W. Lu, C.M. Lieber, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 39, R387 (2006) doi:10.1088/0022-3727/39/21/R01
K. Ellmer, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 33, R17 (2000) doi:10.1088/0022-3727/33/4/201
L.E. Greene, B.D. Yuhas, M. Law, D. Zitoun, P. Yang, Inorg. Chem. 45, 7535 (2006) doi:10.1021/ic0601900
Z.L. Wang, Mater. Today 7(6), 26 (2004) doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00286-X
L. Schmidt-Mende, J.L. Macmanus-Driscoll, Mater. Today 10(5), 40 (2007) doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(07)70078-0
Z.L. Wang, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 16, R829 (2004) doi:10.1088/0953-8984/16/25/R01
C.G. Granqvist, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 1529 (2007) doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2007.04.031
K. Ellmer, Journhal of Physics D. Appl. Phys. (Berl.) 34, 3097 (2001)
Y. Sun, G.M. Fuge, M.N.R. Ashfold, Chem. Phys. Lett. 396, 21 (2004) doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.110
G.J. Kusinski, J.R. Jokisaari, R. Noriega, L. Goris, M. Donovan, and A. Salleo, J. Electron Microsc. (in print).
B.D. Yuhas, D.O. Zitoun, P.J. Pauzauskie, R. He, P. Yang, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 45, 420 (2006) doi:10.1002/anie.200503172
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 ), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Goris, L., Noriega, R., Donovan, M. et al. Intrinsic and Doped Zinc Oxide Nanowires for Transparent Electrode Fabrication via Low-Temperature Solution Synthesis. J. Electron. Mater. 38, 586–595 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0618-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-008-0618-x