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Transformations in Japanese education policy for quality management

  • Schwerpunkt: Qualitätsmanagement im Bildungswesen
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Summary

The pursuit of heightened educational quality and equalized educational opportunities in the Japanese public school system is now losing its functional integrity. The new educational policy from the 1990’s onwards, was meant to focus on the divisional roles to be taken on by the private and public schools in trying to limit the public schools’ role to offer educational opportunities only to the general students. Behind this policy, there lies a rapid spread of despair towards the public school system based on the opinion that high quality education cannot be obtained by public schools, which base their philosophy on providing equal but uniform education. In a realistic sense, the new educational policy perhaps indicates Japan’s recognition of the present ‘at risk’ educational situation. Yet unfortunately, this shift in direction will concurrently signify the inevitable all-out dismantling of what Japan has prided as the pre-eminent feature of its school education system. This issue of improving quality standards in public schools certainly requires a divergent approach. It should be undertaken through individualized reform, school by school.

Zusammenfassung

Entwicklungen im Qualitätsmanagement der japanischen Bildungspolitik

Der Anspruch, hohe Qualität und gleiche Bildungschancen im öffentlichen Schulsystem Japans zu garantieren, ist im Begriff, seine funktionale Integrität zu verlieren. Die neue Bildungspolitik seit den 1990er-Jahren verfolgte das Ziel, sich auf die Rollenverteilung zwischen privaten und öffentlichen Schulen zu konzentrieren und dabei zu versuchen, die Rolle der öffentlichen Schulen auf die allgemeine Vermittlung von Bildungschancen für alle Schüler/innen zu beschränken. Hinter dieser Politik steht die wachsende Enttäuschung über das öffentliche Schulsystem, die sich aus der allgemeinen Einschätzung entwickelte, dass öffentliche Schulen, deren Philosophie in der Vermittlung ausgleichend gerechter, aber auch uniformer Bildung liegt, hochqualifizierte Ausbildung nicht leisten können. Realistisch gesehen, deutet die neue Bildungspolitik möglicherweise darauf hin, dass Japan seine derzeit „gefährdete“ Bildungssituation erkennt. Doch leider deutet diese Akzentverschiebung gleichzeitig auch die unvermeidliche Demontage dessen an, was Japan bisher mit Stolz als herausragendes Element seines Bildungssystems betrachten konnte. Qualitätsstandards in öffentlichen Schulen zu verbessern, bedarf sicherlich einer divergierenden Herangehensweise. Sie sollte in Form individueller Reformen, Schule für Schule, vorgenommen werden.

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Correspondence to Isao Kurosaki.

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Kurosaki, I. Transformations in Japanese education policy for quality management. ZfE 5, 584–597 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11618-002-0033-7

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