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Glomeruläre Proteinurie

Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des „Nierenfilters“

Glomerular proteinuria

Physiology and pathophysiology of the renal filter

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Zusammenfassung

Die regelrechte Filtration des Blutplasmas zählt zu den wichtigsten Funktionen der Niere. Die Proteinurie ist das pathologische Auftreten von Eiweißmolekülen im Urin, bedingt entweder durch vermehrte Filtration im Glomerulum oder durch gesteigerte Sekretion bzw. mangelnde Resorption im Tubulus, wobei Letzteres die seltenere Ursache für die vermehrte Eiweißausscheidung darstellt. In diesem Beitrag werden die vier unterschiedlichen Bestandteile des glomerulären Filters (Glykokalyx, fenestrierte Endothelzellen, Basalmembran und epitheliale Podozyten mit Fußfortsätzen und Schlitzmembran) kurz charakterisiert und anschließend exemplarische Beispiele der Albuminurie bzw. Proteinurie diskutiert.

Abstract

The efficient and complete filtration of blood plasma is one of the most important functions of the kidneys. Proteinuria is the pathological occurrence of protein molecules in urine due either to increased filtration in the glomerulus or to increased secretion or inefficient resorption in the tubules. The latter represents the least common cause of increased protein excretion. In this article the four different components of the glomerular filter, glycocalyx, fenestrated endothelial cells, basement membrane and epithelial podocytes with foot processes and slit membrane, will be briefly characterized and examples of albuminuria and proteinuria will be discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinik für Nieren- und Hochdruckkrankheiten, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland

    H. Haller, J. Menne & M. Schiffer

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  1. H. Haller
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  2. J. Menne
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  3. M. Schiffer
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Correspondence to H. Haller.

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Haller, H., Menne, J. & Schiffer, M. Glomeruläre Proteinurie. Nephrologe 8, 119–127 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-012-0690-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-012-0690-3

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