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A survey of boreal Entoloma with emphasis on the subgenus Rhodopolia

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Abstract

The taxonomy and distribution of Entoloma species were extensively studied in Finland. The emphasis was on the ‘Rhodopolioid’ group, established here as subgenus Rhodopolia. Morphological examinations were accompanied by molecular methods with ITS and RPB2 sequences. Fifty-eight type specimens, including 12 from eastern North America, were examined and 42 of them were sequenced. E. rhodopolium is neotypified. Further, E. caccabus and E. subradiatum are lectotypified. Nine species are described as new: E. boreale, E. eminens, E. lupinum, E. palustre, E. paragaudatum, E. radicipes, E. rivulare, E. serpens, all belonging to subg. Rhodopolia, and the unique E. mirum, which has both pink and dark brown fruitbodies. E. majaloides and E. sericatum were found to be highly morphologically and genetically variable, and to occur in various habitats, from lowlands to the alpine zone. Generally, the macromorphological and micromorphological features often showed considerable intraspecific variation. Several species were found to be synonymous.

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Acknowledgments

Jean-Louis Cheype is thanked for donating part of the E. griseopruinatum isotype and Roberto Fernández Sasia for loaning part of the E. griseorugulosum isotype from private herbaria. The curators Bart Buyck (PC), Stefan Ekman (UPS), Karen Hansen (S), and other personnel are thanked for their help while visiting the herbaria. Likewise, the curators and personnel of the following herbaria are thanked for sending loans: AH, BR, C, G, K, M, NYS, O, PC, PRM, TENN, WU, and ZT. Ron Petersen is also thanked for sending the copies of Hesler’s Entoloma notes. Seppo Huhtinen is thanked for taking care of many loans and participating in the costs of DNA analyses for TUR. Jukka Vauras is thanked for invitations to some mushroom sites. P. Brandon Matheny is thanked for information concerning North American types and sharing an Entoloma photo. My employers in Metsähallitus, Kaisa Junninen and Tuula Kurikka, are thanked for offering jobs in great surroundings, where several rare Entoloma were found. Further, Kuopion Luonnonystäväin Yhdistys and Kuopio town are thanked for jobs in the valuable Antikkalanrinne meadow. Kuopion Luonnonystäväin Yhdistys financially supported the DNA analyses from the Betty Väänänen Fund. Xiao-Lan He and Genevieve Gates are thanked for reviewing the manuscript.

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  1. Mahalanniementie 150, FI-75700, Valtimo, Finland

    Katri Kokkonen

  2. Herbarium, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland

    Katri Kokkonen

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Kokkonen, K. A survey of boreal Entoloma with emphasis on the subgenus Rhodopolia . Mycol Progress 14, 116 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1135-y

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