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Front Instabilities and Invasiveness of Simulated Avascular Tumors

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Abstract

We study the interface morphology of a 2D simulation of an avascular tumor composed of identical cells growing in an homogeneous healthy tissue matrix (TM), in order to understand the origin of the morphological changes often observed during real tumor growth. We use the Glazier–Graner–Hogeweg model, which treats tumor cells as extended, deformable objects, to study the effects of two parameters: a dimensionless diffusion-limitation parameter defined as the ratio of the tumor consumption rate to the substrate transport rate, and the tumor-TM surface tension. We model TM as a nondiffusing field, neglecting the TM pressure and haptotactic repulsion acting on a real growing tumor; thus, our model is appropriate for studying tumors with highly motile cells, e.g., gliomas. We show that the diffusion-limitation parameter determines whether the growing tumor develops a smooth (noninvasive) or fingered (invasive) interface, and that the sensitivity of tumor morphology to tumor-TM surface tension increases with the size of the dimensionless diffusion-limitation parameter. For large diffusion-limitation parameters, we find a transition (missed in previous work) between dendritic structures, produced when tumor-TM surface tension is high, and seaweed-like structures, produced when tumor-TM surface tension is low. This observation leads to a direct analogy between the mathematics and dynamics of tumors and those observed in nonbiological directional solidification. Our results are also consistent with the biological observation that hypoxia promotes invasive growth of tumor cells by inducing higher levels of receptors for scatter factors that weaken cell-cell adhesion and increase cell motility. These findings suggest that tumor morphology may have value in predicting the efficiency of antiangiogenic therapy in individual patients.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biocomplexity Institute and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Simon Hall 047, 212 South Hawthorne Drive, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7105, USA

    Nikodem J. Popławski, J. Scott Gens, Maciej Swat & James A. Glazier

  2. Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Caixa Postal 702, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31.270-901, Brazil

    Ubirajara Agero

  3. Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA

    Alexander R. A. Anderson

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  1. Nikodem J. Popławski
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  2. Ubirajara Agero
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  3. J. Scott Gens
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  4. Maciej Swat
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Correspondence to Nikodem J. Popławski.

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Popławski, N.J., Agero, U., Gens, J.S. et al. Front Instabilities and Invasiveness of Simulated Avascular Tumors. Bull. Math. Biol. 71, 1189–1227 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11538-009-9399-5

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