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Exploiting microRNAs As Cancer Therapeutics

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Abstract

miRNAs are a well-studied class of non-coding RNAs, predominantly functioning to down-regulate gene expression from messenger RNA (mRNA) in a targeted manner by binding to complementary sequence on the target mRNA. Many miRNAs have been linked to the development of hallmarks of cancer. miRNAs represent valuable therapeutic targets to exploit in the search for novel cancer treatments, due to their ubiquitous expression and their ability to tightly regulate the gene expression of a whole host of genes and pathways in a single hit. The miRNA system may be harnessed for therapeutic use either through replacement of tumour suppressive miRNAs lost in cancer, or through inhibition of oncogenic miRNAs overexpressed in cancer. There is a large body of work investigating optimal systemic and localised delivery strategies, and while miRNA therapeutics show promise, it is clear that further developments to delivery strategies may be required to allow safe translation of miRNAs to the clinic. The information gleaned from miRNA signatures as biomarkers is already proving invaluable in the fight to better understand and treat individual tumours, and there is great promise to the applications of these small, but mighty molecules in the future of cancer therapeutics.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Tamsin Robb & Cherie Blenkiron

  2. Asbestos Diseases Research Institute (ADRI), Sydney, NSW, 2139, Australia

    Glen Reid

  3. Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia

    Glen Reid

  4. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Cherie Blenkiron

  5. The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Cherie Blenkiron

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  1. Tamsin Robb
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  2. Glen Reid
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Correspondence to Cherie Blenkiron.

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Funding

TR is supported by funding from the Translational Medicine Trust, University of Auckland. GR is supported by the Asbestos Diseases Research Foundation (ADRF) and holds grants from the Cancer Institute NSW, Cancer Council NSW and the Dust Diseases Authority. CB is supported by funding from the Translational Medicine Trust, University of Auckland and Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE).

Conflict of Interest

GR holds a US patent 9,006,200 “microRNA-based approach to treating malignant pleural mesothelioma”, the subject of the TargomiR trial NCT02369198 mentioned in the manuscript. TR and CB declare no conflicts of interest.

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Robb, T., Reid, G. & Blenkiron, C. Exploiting microRNAs As Cancer Therapeutics. Targ Oncol 12, 163–178 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11523-017-0476-7

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