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Effects of Temperature, Time and Composition on Food Oil Surface Tension

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Abstract

Equilibrium and time-dependent surface tension properties at the lipid-vapor interface were investigated, due to their importance in many food applications. Common cooking oils and triglycerides, with or without added oil-soluble amphiphiles, were studied as a function of time and temperature. Surface tension was found to decrease linearly as temperature was increased, and this linear dependence was analyzed to yield thermodynamic information on the surface excess energy and entropy. The different types of cooking oils were nearly indistinguishable with regard to their surface entropy and energy, but an effect of acyl chain length was observed from data for different purified triglyceride oils. These results were consistent with separate results on pure fatty acids of different chain lengths and degree of unsaturation. Lipid amphiphiles, natively present or deliberately added at low concentration to oil, did not cause a change in either dynamic or equilibrium surface tension of corn or olive oil. We conclude that such amphiphilic molecules, despite their presence within the food oil, lack significant surface activity at their native concentration when presented with the surface between oil and air. A decrease in tension in corn oil was seen when mixed in solution with the short-chain caprylic acid (octanoate), but the decrease was notable (>4%) only when this short-chain fatty acid was added at high concentration (≥ 1 M). Added sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) or dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt (AOT) surfactants, on the other hand, decreased equilibrium surface tension by up to 12% and 18%, respectively, at low concentrations (<0.125 M).

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Agriculture and Food Research Initiative Competitive Grant no. 2014-67017-21831 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. Support from the NSF Center for Advanced Processing and Packaging Studies is also acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Tong Xu & Stephanie R. Dungan

  2. Department of Food Science, Purdue University, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2009, USA

    Veronica Rodriguez-Martinez, Shreya N. Sahasrabudhe & Brian E. Farkas

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Stephanie R. Dungan

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  1. Tong Xu
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  2. Veronica Rodriguez-Martinez
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  5. Stephanie R. Dungan
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Correspondence to Stephanie R. Dungan.

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Xu, T., Rodriguez-Martinez, V., Sahasrabudhe, S.N. et al. Effects of Temperature, Time and Composition on Food Oil Surface Tension. Food Biophysics 12, 88–96 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-016-9466-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-016-9466-z

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