Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles are increasingly being used to encapsulate and deliver lipophilic bioactive components in food, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. These nanoparticles can be produced by high-energy or low-energy methods, with the latter approach having advantages in terms of simplicity, lower energy demands, and reduced production costs. In this study, a model system consisting of non-ionic surfactant (Brij 30), hydrocarbon oil (n-octadecane) and aqueous phase (citric acid buffer, pH 3.0) was used to examine the impact of cosurfactants on the stability of nanoemulsions produced by spontaneous emulsification. Initially, the optimum surfactant-to-oil ratio (SOR) for preparing nanoemulsions with small droplets was established: SOR = 0.5. In the absence of cosurfactants, the surfactant-oil–water (SOW) system formed by spontaneous emulsification contained large irregular structures (>10 μm) that remained after dilution. However, addition of cosurfactants (SDS or Tween 80) to the SOW system promoted the formation of nanoemulsions (d < 100 nm) that were stable to droplet growth. The nanoemulsions also had good thermal stability when SDS was used as a cosurfactant (25–90 °C), but underwent rapid coalescence above 50 °C when Tween 80 was used. This study suggests that cosurfactants improve the stability of nanoemulsions by disrupting the formation of liquid crystal like structures and altering the phase inversion temperature.
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This material was partly based upon work supported by the United States Department of Agriculture (National Research Initiative) and the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources.
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Joos, A., Weiss, J. & McClements, D.J. Fabrication of Lipophilic Nanoparticles by Spontaneous Emulsification: Stabilization by Cosurfactants. Food Biophysics 10, 83–93 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-014-9364-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11483-014-9364-1