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Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status

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Abstract

In the centenary year of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity, this paper reviews the current status of gravitational wave astronomy across a spectrum which stretches from attohertz to kilohertz frequencies. Sect. 1 of this paper reviews the historical development of gravitational wave astronomy from Einstein’s first prediction to our current understanding the spectrum. It is shown that detection of signals in the audio frequency spectrum can be expected very soon, and that a north-south pair of next generation detectors would provide large scientific benefits. Sect. 2 reviews the theory of gravitational waves and the principles of detection using laser interferometry. The state of the art Advanced LIGO detectors are then described. These detectors have a high chance of detecting the first events in the near future. Sect. 3 reviews the KAGRA detector currently under development in Japan, which will be the first laser interferometer detector to use cryogenic test masses. Sect. 4 of this paper reviews gravitational wave detection in the nanohertz frequency band using the technique of pulsar timing. Sect. 5 reviews the status of gravitational wave detection in the attohertz frequency band, detectable in the polarisation of the cosmic microwave background, and discusses the prospects for detection of primordial waves from the big bang. The techniques described in sects. 1–5 have already placed significant limits on the strength of gravitational wave sources. Sects. 6 and 7 review ambitious plans for future space based gravitational wave detectors in the millihertz frequency band. Sect. 6 presents a roadmap for development of space based gravitational wave detectors by China while sect. 7 discusses a key enabling technology for space interferometry known as time delay interferometry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Physics, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia

    David Blair, Li Ju, ChunNong Zhao, LinQing Wen, Qi Chu, Qi Fang & XingJiang Zhu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    RongGen Cai

  3. The School of Physics & Electronic Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China

    JiangRui Gao

  4. Laboratory of All-Solid-State Light Sources, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100083, China

    XueChun Lin

  5. State Key Laboratroy of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Department of Optical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

    Dong Liu

  6. Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Ling-An Wu

  7. Gravitational Wave and Cosmology Laboratory, Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    ZongHong Zhu & Fan Zhang

  8. LIGO Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MC 100-36, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA

    David H. Reitze & Koji Arai

  9. Department of Physics, University of Florida, P.O. Box 118440, Gainsville, Florida, 32611, USA

    David H. Reitze

  10. Department of Physics, West Virginia University, PO Box 6315, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA

    Fan Zhang

  11. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, 181-8588, Tokyo, Japan

    Raffaele Flaminio

  12. CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW, 1710, Australia

    XingJiang Zhu, George Hobbs, Richard N. Manchester & Ryan M. Shannon

  13. International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia

    Ryan M. Shannon

  14. Astrophysics Sector, SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy

    Carlo Baccigalupi

  15. Institute of Applied Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Wei Gao, Peng Xu, Xing Bian, ZhouJian Cao, Peng Dong, XueFei Gong, ShengNian Xu, YunLong Zang & Yun-Kau Lau

  16. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Wei Gao, Xing Bian & YunLong Zang

  17. Morningside Center of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Peng Xu, Peng Dong & Yun-Kau Lau

  18. State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    ZhouJian Cao

  19. Department of Mathematics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China

    ZiJing Chang, Yue Wang & Yun-Kau Lau

  20. Department of Mathematics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100089, China

    ShuangLin Huang & HaiPeng Zhang

  21. Department of Geophysics, College of the Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Changan University, Xian, 710054, China

    Peng Ju & Li’E Qiang

  22. QUEST Centre of Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167, Hannover, Germany

    ZiRen Luo

  23. Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, Albert Einstein Institut, D-30167, Hannover, Germany

    ZiRen Luo

  24. Aerospace Flight Dynamics Laboratory, Beijing Aerospace Control Center, Beijing, 100094, China

    WenLin Tang

  25. Qian Xuesen Laboratory of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, 100094, China

    XiaoYun Wan

  26. Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, Department of Physics, Tsing Hua University, Beijing, 30013, China

    Wei-Tou Ni

Authors
  1. David Blair
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  2. Li Ju
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  3. ChunNong Zhao
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  4. LinQing Wen
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  5. Qi Chu
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  6. Qi Fang
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  7. RongGen Cai
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  8. JiangRui Gao
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  9. XueChun Lin
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  10. Dong Liu
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  11. Ling-An Wu
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  15. Fan Zhang
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  17. XingJiang Zhu
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  18. George Hobbs
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  19. Richard N. Manchester
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  20. Ryan M. Shannon
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  21. Carlo Baccigalupi
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  22. Wei Gao
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  23. Peng Xu
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  24. Xing Bian
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  27. Peng Dong
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  28. XueFei Gong
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  29. ShuangLin Huang
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  30. Peng Ju
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  31. ZiRen Luo
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  32. Li’E Qiang
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  33. WenLin Tang
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  34. XiaoYun Wan
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  35. Yue Wang
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  36. ShengNian Xu
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  37. YunLong Zang
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  38. HaiPeng Zhang
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  39. Yun-Kau Lau
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  40. Wei-Tou Ni
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to David Blair, David H. Reitze, XingJiang Zhu or Yun-Kau Lau.

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Blair, D., Ju, L., Zhao, C. et al. Gravitational wave astronomy: the current status. Sci. China Phys. Mech. Astron. 58, 120402 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-015-5748-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-015-5748-6

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