Skip to main content
Log in

Alternative beta applied—an introduction to hedge fund replication

  • Perspectives
  • Published:
Financial Markets and Portfolio Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Motivated by the surge in popularity of passive hedge fund investments, the present article discusses the concept of “alternative beta” and its implications for the hedge fund industry. The article covers a variety of topics, ranging from the basic rationale for hedge fund replication to replication methodologies and products to the academic and financial market environment. We find that with their radical departure from the hedge fund hallmark of alpha delivery, passive replication products represent the next generation of hedge fund investing, and offer the catalyst for further development of the matured hedge fund industry. Further, we show how the alternative beta concept contributes to a proper separation of alpha, and thus enhances the overall efficiency and quality of hedge fund returns. The article also demonstrates that hedge fund replication can take several different forms. In conclusion, we believe that passive hedge fund products have the potential to consistently outperform mediocre (funds of) hedge funds on an after-fee basis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agarwal, V., Fung, W., Loon, Y.C., Naik, N.: Risk in hedge fund strategies: case of convertible arbitrage. Georgia State University, Robinson College of Business, Research Paper, May 2004

  • Agarwal, V., Fung, W., Loon, Y.C., Naik, N.: Risk and return in convertible arbitrage: evidence from the convertible bond market. Research Paper, Georgia State University, Robinson College of Business, February 2006

  • Agarwal, V., Naik, N.: Performance evaluation of hedge funds with option-based and buy-and-hold strategies. Research Paper, London Business School, September 2000

  • Ammann, M., Moerth, P.: Impact of fund size on hedge fund performance. J. Asset Manag. 6(3), 219–238 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anson, M.: Hedge fund incentive fees and the “free option”. J. Altern. Invest. Fall, 43–48 (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Banz, R., De Planta, R.: Hedge funds: all that glitters is not gold—seven questions for prospective investors. Financ. Mark. Portfolio Manag. 16(3), 316–336 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ben Dor, A., Dynkin, L., Gould, T.: Style analysis and classification of hedge funds. J. Altern. Invest. Fall, 10–29 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowler, B., Ebens, H., Davi, J., Amanti, G.: Replicating hedge fund returns, new alternatives in alternative investing. Merrill Lynch US Equity Derivatives Research Report, October 2006

  • Brown, S., Goetzmann, W.: Hedge funds with style. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Working Paper No. 8173, March 2001

  • Capocci, D., Hübner, G.: An analysis of hedge fund performance. J. Empir. Finance 11, 55–89 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casey, Qirk and Asociates, The Bank of New York: Institutional demand for hedge funds, 2: a global perspective, thought leadership series. White Paper, October 2006

  • Chan, N., Getmansky, M.H.S., Lo, A.: Systemic risk and hedge funds. Paper for NBER Conference on the Risks of Financial Institutions, August 2005

  • Duarte, J., Longstaff, F.A., Yu, F.: Risk and return in fixed income arbitrage: nickels in front of a steamroller? Research Paper, March 2006, available at http://ssrn.com/abstract=872004

  • Ebens, H., Bowler, B., Davi, J., Kariwala, S.: Merrill Lynch equity volatility arbitrage index. Merrill Lynch US Equity Derivatives Research Report, February 2007a

  • Ebens, H., Cheeseman, D., Fadeev, A., Yang, M., Bowler, B.: Merrill Lynch foreign exchange arbitrage index. Merrill Lynch US Synthetic Hedge Fund Research Report, June 2007b

  • Fuess, R., Kaiser, D.: The tactical and strategic value of hedge fund strategies: a cointegration approach. Financ. Mark. Portfolio Manag. 21, 425–444 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W., Hsieh, D.A.: Empirical characteristics of dynamic trading strategies: the case of hedge funds. Rev. Financ. Stud. 10, 275–302 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W., Hsieh, D.A.: The risk in hedge fund strategies: theory and evidence from trend followers. Rev. Financ. Stud. 14(2), 313–341 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W., Hsieh, D.A.: Risk in fixed-income hedge fund styles. J. Fixed Income September 1–22 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W., Hsieh, D.A.: The risk in hedge fund strategies: alternative alphas and alternative betas. Research Paper, Centre for Hedge Fund Research and Education, London Business School UK and Fuqua School of Business, Duke University USA, 2003

  • Fung, W., Hsieh, D.A.: Extracting portable alphas from equity long/short hedge funds. J. Invest. Manag. 2(4), 1–19 (2004a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W., Hsieh, D.A.: Hedge fund benchmarks: a risk based approach. Financ. Anal. J. 60(5), 65–80 (2004b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fung, W., Hsieh, D.A.: Hedge fund: an industry in its adolescence. In: Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta Economic Review, 4th Quarter, No. 91, pp. 1–33 (2006)

  • Fung, W., Hsieh, D.A.: Hedge fund replication strategies: implications for investors and regulators. In: Banque de France, Finance Stability Review—Special Issue on Hedge Funds, No. 10, April 2007

  • Hasanhodzic, J., Lo, A.W.: Can hedge-fund returns be replicated?: the linear case. Research Paper, MIT Sloan School of Management, August 2006

  • Hutchinson, M., Gallagher, L.: Convertible bond arbitrage. Research Paper, Department of Accounting and Finance, University College Cork, June 2004

  • Jaeger, L., Wagner, C.: Factor modeling and benchmarking of hedge funds: are passive investments in hedge funds possible? Research Paper, presented at IVth Forum for Alternative Investments, BAI, Frankfurt/Germany, September 2005

  • Kassberger, S., Kiesel, R.: A fully parametric approach to return modeling and risk management of hedge funds. Financ. Mark. Portfolio Manag. 20, 472–491 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kat, H.M.: The FundCreator view on hedge fund replication and synthetic funds. Research Note, Cass Business School, City University London, January 2007

  • Kat, H.M., Palaro, H.P.: Who needs hedge funds? A copula-based approach to hedge fund return replication. Working Paper #0027, Cass Business School, City University London, October 2006

  • Khandani, A., Lo, A.W.: What happened to the quants in August 2007? Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Research Paper, September 2007

  • Kuenzi, D.E.: Shedding light on alternative beta: a volatility and fixed income asset class comparison. Working Paper, EDHEC Risk and Asset Management Research Centre, April 2007

  • Kuenzi, D.E., Shi, X.: Equity hedge fund ABS models: choosing the volatility factor. Working Paper, EDHEC Risk and Asset Management Research Centre, 2007

  • Lhabitant, F.-S.: Hedge Funds—Quantitative Insights. Wiley, New York (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang, B.: (1999): On the performance of hedge funds. Financ. Anal. J. July–August, 72–84 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malkiel, B.G., Saha, A.: Hedge funds: risk and return. Financ. Anal. J. 61(6), 80–88 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, M., Pulvino, T.: Characteristics of risk and return in risk arbitrage. J. Finance 56(6), 2135–2175 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naik, N.Y., Ramadorai, T., Strömqvist, M.: Capacity constraints and hedge fund strategy returns. Eur. Financ. Manag. 13(2), 239–256 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneeweis, T., Kazemi, H., Martin, G.: Understanding hedge fund performance: research issues revisited, part II. J. Altern. Invest. Spring, 8–30 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneeweis, T., Spurgin, R.: Multi-factor analysis of hedge fund, managed futures, and mutual fund return and risk characteristics. J. Altern. Invest. 1, 1–24 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharpe, W.: Asset allocation: management style and performance measurement. J. Portfolio Manag. Winter, 7–19 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Siegel, L.B.: Distinguishing true alpha from beta. In: CFA Institute Conference Proceedings (2004)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roman Tancar.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tancar, R., Viebig, J. Alternative beta applied—an introduction to hedge fund replication. Financ Markets Portfolio Manage 22, 259–279 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-008-0079-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-008-0079-5

Keywords

JEL Classification

Navigation