Abstract
We know very little about the effects of two global stressors, elevated temperature and contaminants, on the grazing of marine copepods. To address this issue, we tested the hypotheses that the individual and combined effects of these two stressors may reduce grazing rates and may depend on food availability and gender. We exposed male and female Calanus finmarchicus copepods to pyrene at two temperatures (10 and 14 °C) and six food concentrations (25–800 μg C Rhodomonas baltica L−1) and measured fecal pellet size, and grazing rate (GR) from pellet production. Males had smaller fecal pellets and lower GR than did females. Temperature and pyrene exposure had no effect on pellet size. Temperature alone had no effect on GR of males, but females had lower GR at elevated temperature. Pyrene-exposed males and females had lower GR only at the food concentrations of 200–800 μg C R. baltica L−1 and those patterns were independent of temperature. Pyrene-induced reduction in GR was stronger in females than in males. The negative effects of both elevated temperature and pyrene may reduce the abundance and trophic success of C. finmarchicus in a warmer, more polluted future.
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Acknowledgments
We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments that improved the manuscript. We thank the assistance from Anders J. Olsen and Iurgi Imanol Salaverria-Zabalegui at NTNU Sealab, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. We also thank Minh T.T. Vu for the comments on the manuscript.
Funding
This study was financially funded by a H.C. Ørsted fellowship to Khuong Van Dinh and by the Norwegian Research Council project no. 243923/E40 to Torkel Gissel Nielsen.
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Van Dinh, K., Olsen, M.W., Altin, D. et al. Impact of temperature and pyrene exposure on the functional response of males and females of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26, 29327–29333 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06078-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06078-x