Abstract
The modern scenario reveals that the world is facing energy crisis due to the dwindling sources of fossil fuels. Environment protection agencies are more concerned about the atmospheric pollution due to the burning of fossil fuels. Alternative fuel research is getting augmented because of the above reasons. Plant seed oils (vegetable oils) are cleaner, sustainable, and renewable. So, it can be the most suitable alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. This paper reviews the availability of different types of plant seed oils, several methods for production of biodiesel from vegetable oils, and its properties. The different types of oils considered in this review are cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) oil, ginger oil, eucalyptus oil, rice bran oil, Calophyllum inophyllum, hazelnut oil, sesame oil, clove stem oil, sardine oil, honge oil, polanga oil, mahua oil, rubber seed oil, cotton seed oil, neem oil, jatropha oil, egunsi melon oil, shea butter, linseed oil, Mohr oil, sea lemon oil, pumpkin oil, tobacco seed oil, jojoba oil, and mustard oil. Several methods for production of biodiesel are transesterification, pre-treatment, pyrolysis, and water emulsion are discussed. The various fuel properties considered for review such as specific gravity, viscosity, calorific value, flash point, and fire point are presented. The review also portrays advantages, limitations, performance, and emission characteristics of engine using plant seed oil biodiesel are discussed. Finally, the modeling and optimization of engine for various biofuels with different input and output parameters using artificial neural network, response surface methodology, and Taguchi are included.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdulkareem AS, Uthman H, Afolabi AS, Awenebe OL (2011) Extraction and optimization of oil from MoringaOleifera seed as an alternative feedstock for the production of biodiesel. Sustainable growth and applications in renewable energy sources. (www.intechopen.com). ISBN:978–953–307-408-5 Intech
Adewale P, Dumont MJ, Ngadi M (2015) Recent trends of biodiesel production from animal fat wastes and associated production techniques. Renew Sust Energ Rev 45:574–588
Al-IwayzySaddam H, Yusaf T (2013) Chlorella Prothecoides microalgae as an alternative fuel for tractor diesel engines. Energies 6:766–783
Altun S, Bulut H, Oner C (2008) The comparison of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of sesame oil-diesel fuel mixture with diesel fuel in a direct injection diesel engine. Renew Energy 33:1791–1795
Amin T-K, Amin NAS, Mazaheri H (2013) A review on novel processes of bio diesel production from waste cooking oil. Appl Energy 104:683–710
Arul MozhiSelvan V, Anand R B and Udayakumar M (2009) Effects of cerium oxide nanoparticle addition in Diesel and diesel-biodiesel-ethanol blends on the performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 4, no. 7, September. ISSN 1819–6608
Ashraful AM, Masjuki HH, Kalam MA, Rizwanul Fattah IM, Imtenan S, Shahir SA, Mobarak HM (2014) Production and comparison of fuel properties, engine performance, and emission characteristics of biodiesel from various non-edible vegetable oils: a review. Journal of Energy Conversion and Management 80(2014):202–228
Avramovica JM, Velickovica AV, Stamenkovica OS, Rajkovicb KM, Milicc PS, Veljkovic VB (2015) Optimization of sunflower oil ethanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide: RSM versus ANN-GA. Energy Convers Manag 105:1149–1156
Azad AK, Ameer Uddin SM, Alam MM (2012) Mustard oil, an alternative fuel: an experimenral investigation of bio-diesel properties with and without transesterification. Global advanced research journal of engineering, technology and innovation Vol 1(3):075–084
Balakrishna B (2012) Vegetable oil as a fuel in C.I engine: problems and possible solutions. Int J Eng Sci Technol 4(no.11):4687–4690
Banapurmath NR, Tewari PG (2009) Comparative performance studies of a 4-stroke CI engine operated on dual fuel mode with producer gas and honge oil and its methyl ester (HOME) with and without carburetor. Renew Energy 34:1009–1015
Bello E, Makanju A (2011) Performance evaluation of egunsi melon seeds oil bio diesel. Journal of emerging trends in engineering and applied sciences (JETEAS) 2(5):741–745
Canakci M, Van Gerpen JH (2003) Comparison of engine performance and emissions for petroleum diesel fuel, yellow grease biodiesel, and soybean oil biodiesel. Transactions of the ASAE 46(4):937–944
Canakci M, Ozsezen AN, Arcaklioglu E, Erdil A (2009) Prediction of performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from waste frying palm oil. Expert Syst Appl 36:9268–9280
Cardonea M, Mazzoncini M, Menini S, Senatore VRA, Vitolo MSS (2003) Brassica carinata As an alternative oil crop for the production of biodiesel in Italy: agronomic evaluation,fuel production by transesterification and characterization. Biomass Bioenergy 25:623–636
Cay Y, Cicek A, Kara F, Sagiroglu S (2012) Prediction of engine performance for an alternative fuel using artificial neural network. Appl Therm Eng 370:217–225
Cetin M, Yuksel F (2007) The use of hazelnut oil as a fuel in pre-chamber diesel engine. Appl Therm Eng 27:63–67
Chandrasekar P, Prakash R, Murugan S (2012) Performance and emission characteristics of compression ignition engine with pumpkin seed oil. J Eng Res Stud E-ISSN 0976–7916,22–25
Chauhan BS, Kumar N, Cho HM (2012) A study on the performance and emission of a diesel engine fueled with Jatropha biodiesel oil and its blends. Energy 37:616–622
Chhibber, V K, Harish Chandra Joshi, SalSanket Kumar Saxena (2012) Anenvironmentfriendly and ecofriendly Alternatice Vegetable oil Fuel in comparison to the Diesel oil. Adv Pure Appl Chem (APAC) Vol. 1, No. 2, ISSN 2167–0854.
Demirbas A (2007) Relationships derived from physical properties of vegetable oil and bio diesel fuels. Fuel 87:1743–1748
Demirbas A (2009) Progress and recent trends in biodiesel fuels. Energy Convers Manag 50:14
Deshmukh Sameer J, Bhuyar Lalit B, Thakre Shashank B (2008) Investigation on performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with producer gas and esters of hingran oil in duel fuel mode. Int J Aerospace Mech Eng 2–3.
Enveremadu, C C, Rutto Hillary L, Najeem Peleowo (2011) Performance evaluation of a diesel fuelled with methyl ester of shea butter. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 55
Fahmi I and Cremschi S (2011) University of Tulsa, Process Synthesis of Biodiesel Production Plant Using Artificial Neural Networks As the Surrogate Models, paper presented at Annual Meeting AIChE 10–20.2011
Farnetti E, Di Monte R, Kaspar J (n.d.) Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Inorg Bio-inorg Chem 2
Ghobadian B, Rahimi H, Nikbakht AM, Najafi G, Yusaf TF (2009) Diesel engine performance and exhaust emission analysis using waste cooking biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network. Renew Energy 34:976–982
Ghodasara P, Ghodasara M (2012) Experimental Studies on Emission and Performance Characteristics in Diesel Engine Using Bio-Diesel Blends And EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation). Int J Emerg Technol Adv Eng 2(2). ISSN 2250–2459
Ghorbani, Hassan, Nikbakht Ali M, Tabatabaei Meisam, Hosseini Mahdi, Mohammadi Poya (2011). Application of modeling techniques for prediction and optimization of biodiesel production processes. Int Con Biotechnol Environ Manag 18
Godiganur S, Murthy CS, Reddy RP (2010) Performance and emission characteristics of a Kirloskar HA394 diesel engine operated on Mahua oil methyl ester. Thammasat Int J Sci Technol 15
Haldar SK, GhoshB B, Nag A (2009) Utilisation of unattended putranjivaroxburghii non-edible oil as fuel in diesel engine. Renew Energy 34:343–347
Hariharan V S, Vijayakumarreddy K, Rajagopal K (2009) Study of the performance, emission, and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using sea-lemon oil based fuels. Ind J Sci Technol 2 No. 4
Hedge Avinash K, Sreenivas Rao K (2012) V (2012) Performance and emission study of 4S CI engine using Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel with additives. Int J Theor Appl Res Mech Eng (IJTARME) 1:2319–3182
Historical perspectives on vegetable oil-based diesel fuels Lipidilbrary.aocs.org
Jagannath BH, Pdalkar Atul S (2012) Performance and emission analysis of a compression ignition engine operated on waste fried oil methyl esters. Appl Energy 90:68–72
Jahirul MI, Brown Richard J, Senadeera W, Ian M, Hara O, Ristovski Zoran D (2013) The use of artificial neural networks for identifying sustainable biodiesel feedstocks—review. Energies 6:3764–3806
Jaichandar S, Annamalai K (2011) The status of biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine—an overview. Journal of sustainable energy and environment 2:71–75
Jindal S, Selvi B (2012) Sustainability aspects and optimization of linseed biodiesel blends for compression ignition engine. J Renew Sustain Energy 4:043–111
Kawade GH, Satpute ST, Parane KA (2015) Optimization of CI engine performance parameters for jatropha biodiesel blending fuel by using ANN software. International Research journal of engineering and technology 02(03):1151–1156
KombeGodlisten G, TemuAbraham K, RajabuHassan M, MremaGodwill D (2012) High free fatty acid (FFA) feedstock pre-treatment method for bio diesel production. Sec Int conference Adv Eng Technol
Kumar JD, Binnal P (2012) Performance evaluation of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel produced from pumpkin oil. J Sci Ind Res 71:75–78
Kumar S, Srinivasa Pai P, Shrinivasa Rao BR (2011) Artificial neural network based prediction of performance and emission characteristics of a variable compression ratio CI engine using WCO as a biodiesel at different injection timings. Appl Energy 88:2344–2354
Lakshmi RG, Sampath S, Rajagopal K (2008a) Experimental studies on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with used cooking oil methyl ester and its diesel blends. Int J Eng Appl Sci 4:64–70
Lakshminarayanaroa G, Sampath S, Rajagopal K (2008b) Experimental studies on the combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with used cooking oil methyl ester. World academy of science, engineering and technology 13
Nevena Lukovic, Zorica Knezevic-Jugovic, Dejan Bezbradica (2011) Biodiesel fuel production by enzymatic transesterification of oils: Recent trends, challenges and future perspectives. www.intechopen.com Alternative fuels.ISBN 978–953–307-372-9
Mahalakshmi N V, Devan P K. (2011 Combustion, performance and emission analysis of a direct injection diesel engine using the blends of eucalyptus oil with methyl esters of poon oil and paradise oil. Int Confer Energy Sustain
Mahesh C V, Puyyaiah E T (2012) Studies on performance and emission characteristics of non-edible oil (honge oil) as alternative fuel in CI engine. (IJERA)ISSN:2248–9622 l.2(3):2288–2293
Marques Delano B, Barradas Filho Alex O, Romariz Alexandre R. S, Viegas sabelle M. A, Luz Djavania A, Barros Filho Allan KD, Labidi Sofiane, Ferraudo Antonio S. (2014) Recent Developments on Statistical and Neural Network Tools Focusing on Biodiesel Quality. International journal of computer science and application (IJCSA) volume 3 Issue 3
Mbarawa M (2008) Performance, emission and economic assessment of clove stem oil-diesel blended fuels as alternative fuels for diesel engines. Renew Energy 33:871–882
Metingumus MA (2008) Use of hazelnut oil methyl ester and its blends as alternative fuels in diesel engines. Turkish J Eng Env Si 32:133–141
Modi MA, Patel TM, Rathod GP (2014) Parametric optimization of single cylinder diesel engine for palm seed oil & diesel blend for brake thermal efficiency using Taguchi method. IOSR Journal of Engineering 04(05) v5:49–54
Mukesh kB, Shrivastava N, Shrivastava V (2012) Experimental investigation of performance parameter of diesel engine operating on methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) 2(5):3527–3529 ISSN: 2249-6645
Muralidharan K, Vasudevan D (2011) Performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a variable compression ratio engine using methyl esters of waste cooking oil and diesel blends. Appl Energy 88:3959–3968
Murlaikrishna MVS, Chowdary RP, Kishenkumarreddy T, Murthy PVK (2012) Performance evaluation of waste fried vegetable oil in a low grade low heat rejection diesel engine. IJRMET 2 ISSN: 2249–5762 (online), ISSN: 2249–5770 (print)
Murugesan A, Umarani C, Subramanian R, Nedunchezhian N (2009) Bio-diesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines—a review. Renew and Sust Energy Rev 13:653–662
Murugesan A, Subramaniam D, Vijayakumar C, Avinash A, Nedunchezian N (2012) Analysis on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine fueled with methyl-ethyl esters. JRenewable Sustainable Energy 4:063116
Nagarhalli M, Nandedkar V, Mohite K (2010) Emission and performance characteristics of karanja biodiesel and its blends in a CI engine and it’s economics. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci 5:52–56
Nagdeote D D, Deshmukh M M (2012) Experimental Study of Diethyl Ether and Ethanol Additives with Biodiesel-Diesel Blended Fuel Engine. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 2(3). ISSN 2250–2459
Nakpong P, Wootthikanokkhan S (2010) Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffaL) oil as an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production in Thailand. Fuel 89:1806–1811
Nandi S (2013) Performance of C.I engine by using biodiesel-mahua oil. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 02(10):22–47
Narasiman V, Jeyakumar S, Mani M. (2012) Effect of performance and emission characteristics on methyl esters of sardine oil fuelled in diesel engine with various blends. (IJMERD), ISSN2248–9347(print) ISSN 2228–9355(online),vol 2, no. 1
Nurun N, Rahman M, Akhter S (2009) Biodiesel from cotton seed oil and its effect on engine performance and exhaust emissions. Journal of Applied Thermal Engineering 2009:2265–2270
Oguz H, Sarıtas I, Baydan HE (2010) Prediction of diesel engine performance using biofuels with artificial neural network. Expert Syst Appl 37:6579–6586
Pal A, Kachhwaha S, Maji S, Babu MKG (2010) Thuma seed oil: a sustainable source of renewable energy for biodiesel production. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research-Vol 69:384–389
Palanisamy E, Manoharan N (2005) Performance studies on vegetable oils and their derivatives as an alternative fuels for compression ignition engines- An over view. 19th national conference on IC engines and combustion 2005:95–100
Palvannan V, Balagurunath K (2012) Technical sustainability of cashew nut shell liquid as a renewable fuel in compression ignition engines. Eur J Sci Res 76:614–627
Neha Patni, Pillai Shibu G, DwivediAnkur H (2011) Analysis of current scenario of bio fuels in india specifically bio-diesel and bio-ethanol. International conference on current trends in technology, ‘NUiCONE-2011
Prasad, BaburaoRampure, Venkataramana, Reddy C, Vijayakumar, Reddy K (2012) Experimental study on emission and performance analysis of non-edible rice bran oil as an alternative fuel for direct injection diesel engine. APRN J Eng Appl Sci 7, No.11
Puhan S, Jegan R, Balasubbramanian K, Nagarajan G (2009) Effect of injection pressure on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of high linolenic linseed oil methyl ester in a DI diesel engine. Renew Energy 34:1227–1233
Pushparaj T, Ramabalan S (2012) Influence of CNSL bio diesel with ethanol additive on diesel engine performance and exhaust emission. International journal of mechanical engineering and technology 3:665–674
Endah Mutiara Marhaeni Putri, M Rachimoellah, Nidya Santoso & Ferdy Pradana. (2012) Biodiesel Production from Kapok Seed Oil(CeibaPentandra) Through theTransesterificationProcess by Using Cao asCatalyst. Global J Res Eng Chem Eng 12(2). Version 1.0
QiD H, Chen H, Geng LM, Bian YZ (2011) Effect of diethyl ether and ethanol additives on the combustion and emission characteristics of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel engine. Renew Energy 36:1252–1258
Ragit S, Mohapatra S, Kundu K (2011) Comparative study of engine performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a single cylinder 4-stroke CI engine operated on the esters of hemp oil and neem oil. Ind J Eng Mater Sci 18:204–210
Rakopoulos D, Rakopoulos C, Giakoumis E, Dimaratos A, Founti M (2011) Comparative environmental behavior of bus engine operating on blends of diesel fuel with four straight vegetable oils of Greek origin: sunflower, cottonseed, corn and olive. Fuel 90:3439–3446
Ranjith BP, Krishnakumar K (2011) Performance of ginger oil as bio-diesel. National technology congress, Kerala
Rao D A, Govindarajulu K, Mohan C (2013) Experimental investigations on a four stroke compression ignition engine using neat tobacco seed oil as an alternate fuel. Global J Res Eng 13
Ratnareddy T, Murali Krishna M V S, Kesavareddy Ch, Murthy P V K (2012) Performance evaluation of a medium grade low heat rejection diesel engine with mohr oil based bio-diesel. Int J Recent Adv Mech Eng (IJMECH) 1, No. 1
Rushang M, Joshi MJ (2007) Flow properties of bio diesel fuel blends at low temperatures. Fuel 86:143–151
Sahoo PK, DasL M, Babu MKG, Arora P, SinghV P, KumarN R, VaryaniT S (2009) Comparative evaluation of performance and emission characteristics of jatropha, karanja and polanga based biodiesel as fuel in a tractor engine. Fuel 88:1698–1707
Sathyanarayanamurthi YVV (2010) Performance of tobacco oil-based bio-diesel fuel in a single cylinder direct injection engine. International journal of the physical sciences 5(13):2066–2074
Satyanarayana M, Muraleedharan C (2011) Investigations on performance and emission characteristics of vegetable oil biodiesels as fuels in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Energy Sour, Part A: Recov, Utiliz Environ Eff 34:177–186
Satyanarayana M, Muraleedharan C (2013) Prediction of acid values of vegetable oils having high free fatty acids using artificial neural networks. Energy Sources A 216:1479–1489
Sayin C, Metin Erturns H, Hosoz M, Kilicaslan I, Canakci M (2007) Performance and exhaust emissions of gasoline engine using artificial neural networks. Appl Therm Eng 27:46–54
Senthil Kumar R, Manimaran R, Gopalakrishnan V (2013) Performance and emission analysis using Pongamia oil biodiesel fuel with an artificial neural network. An International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Applied Sciences 3(1):17–20
Sharma Yogesh C, Bhaskar Singh, John Korstad(2010) Latest developments on application of heterogenous basic catalysts for an efficient and eco friendly synthesis of biodiesel: a review,Fuel
Sharma A, Sharma H, Sahoo PK, Tripathi RK, Meher LC (2015) ANN based modeling of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with polanga biodiesel at different injection pressures. International Energy Journal 15:57–72
Shehata M, Razek S (2011) Experimental investigation of diesel engine performance and emission characteristics using jojoba/diesel blend and sunflower oil. Fuel 90:886–897
Singh A, He B, Thompson J, Van Garpen J (2006) Process optimization of biodiesel production using alkaline catalysts. Appl Eng Agric 2(4):597–600
Subbarao B, Murthy PVK, Ramjee E, Murali Krishna MVS (2013) Studies on exhaust emissions and combustion characteristics of tobacco seed oil in crude form and biodiesel from a high grade low heat rejection diesel engine. International journal of industrial engineering and technology (IJIET) 3(1):27–36ISSN 2277-4769
Tamilvendhan D, Ilangovan V A (2011) Performance, emission and combustion investigation on hot air assisted eucalyptus oil direct injected compression ignition engine. Mod Appl Sci 5
Velmurugan A, Lognathan M (2011) Performance and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine fuelled with cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)-diesel blends. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 58.
Widayat W, Duma A, Wibowo K, Hadiyanto H (2013) Study on production process of biodiesel from rubber seed by in situ(trans) esterification method with acid catalyst. Energy Procedia 32:64–73
Wong KI, Wong PK, Cheung CS (2015) Modelling and prediction of diesel engine performance using relevance vector machine. International Journal of Green Energy 12(3):265–271
Yuste AJ, Pilar Dorado M (2006) A neural network approach to simulate biodiesel production from waste olive oil. Energy Fuel 20:399–402
Zannatul M, Hossain J, Biswas S, Islam A (2011) Bio diesel from mustard oil: a renewable alternative fuel for small diesel engines. Modern mechanical engineering 1:77–83
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Vijayakumar, C., Ramesh, M., Murugesan, A. et al. Biodiesel from plant seed oils as an alternate fuel for compression ignition engines—a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 24711–24730 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7754-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7754-2