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Styela plicata: a new promising bioindicator of heavy metal pollution for eastern Aegean Sea coastal waters

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Abstract

As part of a research project, the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, V, and Zn in the tissues of Styela plicata were investigated for the first time to determine if S. plicata is a suitable biological indicator for biomonitoring of heavy metals in eastern Aegean Sea coastal waters. To examine the relationships, heavy metal levels in suspended particulate matters (SPMs) and sediments were also determined. According to the results, the mean metal levels in SPM, sediments, and S. plicata samples could be arranged in the following order of abundance: Zn > Cu > Pb > V > Cd. As for heavy metal levels, significant positive correlations were noted between Cd-Pb, Cd-V, Cd-Zn, Cu-V, and Pb-V in SPM; Cd-Zn, Cu-Zn, Pb-Cd, Pb-Cu, and Pb-Zn in sediment; and Cu-Pb, Cu-Zn, and Pb-Zn in S. plicata samples. Positive relationships between these metals showed that they were originated from same sources and that they were associated with each other. Based on the findings, Zn, Cu, and Pb concentrations in suspended particulate matters, sediments, and S. plicata samples were generally represented with higher levels at stations that were used for boating, shipping, and related activities. As S. plicata is a strongest accumulator of V, the relatively low V levels observed in this study may indicate the lack of anthropogenic sources of this metal in the sampling stations. In conclusion, suspended particulate matter and sediment can be useful tool to detect the pollution status of the marine environment. Furthermore, the findings of this study highlighted that S. plicata is a promising alternative for the monitoring of heavy metal pollution for eastern Aegean Sea coasts.

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Acknowledgments

The author is grateful to the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) for providing the financial support (project ID 115Y417) to conduct this research. I would like to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Noa Shenkar for her hospitality, valuable helps, and kind assistance in identification of S. plicata specimens. Thanks are due to the several anonymous reviewers for their informative comments and suggestions that helped to improve the original version of this manuscript. The author is indebted to Engineer (M.sc) Zülfikar Ata Karakoç, ARGEFAR Laboratory (Ege University, İzmir) team, and Dokuz Eylül University Institute of Marine Science and Technologies Marine Chemistry Laboratory and Geology Laboratories for their technical support in heavy metal and grain size analysis. I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Filiz Küçüksezgin, Prof. Dr. Ferah Koçak, and Gamze Kordacı Uzkuç for their helps during the study. Finally, I thank all the people who contributed in some aspect to this work.

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  1. Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylul University, Inciralti, 35340, Izmir, Turkey

    S. Aydın-Önen

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Aydın-Önen, S. Styela plicata: a new promising bioindicator of heavy metal pollution for eastern Aegean Sea coastal waters. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23, 21536–21553 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7298-5

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