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The application of advanced oxidation technologies to the treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry: a review

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Abstract

The paper industry is adopting zero liquid effluent technologies to reduce freshwater use and meet environmental regulations, which implies closure of water circuits and the progressive accumulation of pollutants that must be removed before water reuse and final wastewater discharge. The traditional water treatment technologies that are used in paper mills (such as dissolved air flotation or biological treatment) are not able to remove recalcitrant contaminants. Therefore, advanced water treatment technologies, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), are being included in industrial wastewater treatment chains aiming to either improve water biodegradability or its final quality. A comprehensive review of the current state of the art regarding the use of AOPs for the treatment of the organic load of effluents from the paper industry is herein addressed considering mature and emerging treatments for a sustainable water use in this sector. Wastewater composition, which is highly dependent on the raw materials being used in the mills, the selected AOP itself, and its combination with other technologies, will determine the viability of the treatment. In general, all AOPs have been reported to achieve good organic removal efficiencies (COD removal >40 %, and about an extra 20 % if AOPs are combined with biological stages). Particularly, ozonation has been the most extensively reported and successfully implemented AOP at an industrial scale for effluent treatment or reuse within pulp and paper mills, although Fenton processes (photo-Fenton particularly) have actually addressed better oxidative results (COD removal ≈ 65–75 %) at a lab scale, but still need further development at a large scale.

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Acknowledgments

This research was developed in the frame of the projects “PROLIPAPEL” (P-2009/AMB/1480), funded by the Regional Government of Madrid; and “OXIPAPEL” (CIT-310000-2008-15), funded by the Ministry of Science & Innovation of Spain. N. Merayo’s participation was sponsored by a Ph.D. grant from the Ministry of Economy & Competitiveness of Spain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Complutense University of Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Daphne Hermosilla, Noemí Merayo & Ángeles Blanco

  2. School of Biology, IE University, Cardenal Zúñiga 12, 40003, Segovia, Spain

    Antonio Gascó

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  1. Daphne Hermosilla
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  2. Noemí Merayo
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  3. Antonio Gascó
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  4. Ángeles Blanco
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Correspondence to Daphne Hermosilla.

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Hermosilla, D., Merayo, N., Gascó, A. et al. The application of advanced oxidation technologies to the treatment of effluents from the pulp and paper industry: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22, 168–191 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3516-1

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