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Exposure of juvenile Danio rerio to aged TiO2 nanomaterial from sunscreen

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Abstract

The toxicity of dietary exposure to artificially aged TiO2 nanomaterial (T-Lite™) used in sunscreen cream was studied on Danio rerio. Embryolarval assays were conducted to assess the effects of TiO2 residues of nanomaterial (RNM) on fish early life stages. Juvenile fishes were exposed by the trophic route in two experiments. During the first experiment, juvenile fishes were exposed to TiO2 RNM for 14 days by adding RNM to commercial fish food. The second one consisted in producing a trophic food chain. Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata algae, previously contaminated with TiO2 RNM in growth medium, was used to feed Daphnia magna neonates over a 48-h period. Daphnia were used next to feed juvenile fishes for 7 days. Accumulation of Ti, life traits (survival and growth) and biochemical parameters such as energy reserves, digestive (trypsin, esterase, cellulose and amylase) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and catalase) enzyme activity were measured at the end of exposures. As expected in the receiving aquatic system, TiO2 RNM at low concentrations caused a low impact on juvenile zebrafish. A slight impact on the early life stage of zebrafish with premature hatching was observed, and this effect appeared mainly indirect, due to possible embryo hypoxia. When juvenile fish are exposed to contaminated food, digestive enzyme activity indicated a negative effect of TiO2 RNM. Digestive physiology was altered after 14 days of exposure and seemed to be an indirect target of TiO2 RNM when provided by food.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Linda Northrup for correcting manuscript and the French National Agency ANR CES AGING NANO & TROPH (ANR-08-CESA-001) for funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRSTEA Lyon, UR MALY, 5 rue de la DOUA, 69626, Villeurbanne Cedex, France

    Manuela Fouqueray, Patrice Noury, Lysiane Dherret, Khedidja Abbaci & Jeanne Garric

  2. Aix-Marseille University, CEREGE, UMR 7330, 13545, Aix en Provence cedex 4, France

    Perrine Chaurand

  3. CNRS, CEREGE, UMR 7330 (FR ECCOREV), 13545, Aix en Provence cedex 4, France

    Jerome Labille & Jerome Rose

  4. International Consortium for the Environmental Implication of Nanotechnology iCEINT, Paris, France

    Perrine Chaurand, Jerome Labille & Jerome Rose

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  1. Manuela Fouqueray
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  2. Patrice Noury
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  3. Lysiane Dherret
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  7. Jerome Rose
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Correspondence to Jeanne Garric.

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Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues

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Fouqueray, M., Noury, P., Dherret, L. et al. Exposure of juvenile Danio rerio to aged TiO2 nanomaterial from sunscreen. Environ Sci Pollut Res 20, 3340–3350 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1256-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-012-1256-7

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