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Effectiveness of aquatic exercise on reduction B-type natriuretic peptide values in postmenopausal hypertensive women: a randomized clinical trial

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Abstract

Purpose

To compare the responses of aquatic exercise with dry land training and control inactive group on B-type natriuretic peptide and plasma renin activity levels in postmenopausal hypertensive women.

Methods

Forty postmenopausal hypertensive women were randomly assigned to 3 groups: water group, dry land group and a non-intervention control group. The exercises programs consisted of consisted of 50-min sessions, three-times a week and was performed for 12 weeks. Samples of B-type natriuretic peptide and plasma renin activity levels were collected pre- and post-intervention. In the dry land exercise program, heart rate was maintained at around 50–60 % of the heart rate reserve, deducting 17 heart beats for aquatic exercise.

Results

There was a statistically significant reduction in B-type natriuretic peptide in the water group (37 ± 11.1 ng/L) to (22 ± 9.4 ng/L), pre and post intervention, respectively. There was no difference in plasma renin activity levels between groups and moments.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of aquatic exercise in reducing B-type natriuretic peptide values in postmenopausal hypertensive women. Plasma renin activity levels values were not influenced by either of the interventions.

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Abbreviations

ANP:

Atrial natriuretic peptide

BNP:

B-type natriuretic peptide

BP:

Blood pressure

CG:

Non-intervention control group

HR:

Heart rate

LG:

Dry land group

NT-proBNP:

N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide

PRA:

Plasma renin activity

RAAS:

Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system

WG:

Water group

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Acknowledgments

This source was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo—FAPESP—process: 2006/06134-5.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Post-graduate Program in Physiotherapy, Sagrado Coração University, USC, Rua Irmã Arminda, 10-50, Jardim Brasil, Bauru, SP, CEP 17011-160, Brazil

    Eduardo Aguilar Arca, Rodrigo Leal de Paiva Carvalho, Silvia Regina Barrile & Camila Gimenes

  2. Department of Physiotherapy, Sagrado Coração University, USC, Bauru, SP, Brazil

    Eduardo Aguilar Arca, Rodrigo Leal de Paiva Carvalho, Silvia Regina Barrile, Camila Gimenes & Bruno Martinelli

  3. Department of Clinical Medicine, Paulista State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

    Roberto Jorge da Silva Franco & Luis Cuadrado Martin

Authors
  1. Eduardo Aguilar Arca
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  2. Rodrigo Leal de Paiva Carvalho
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  3. Silvia Regina Barrile
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  4. Camila Gimenes
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  5. Bruno Martinelli
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  6. Roberto Jorge da Silva Franco
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  7. Luis Cuadrado Martin
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rodrigo Leal de Paiva Carvalho.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

This study was performed according to the National Health Council resolution 196/96 and was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee (protocol: 041/05) and have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers.

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Arca, E.A., de Paiva Carvalho, R.L., Barrile, S.R. et al. Effectiveness of aquatic exercise on reduction B-type natriuretic peptide values in postmenopausal hypertensive women: a randomized clinical trial. Sport Sci Health 12, 255–260 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-016-0284-y

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