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Impact of maternal obesity on the metabolic profiles of pregnant women and their offspring at birth

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Abstract

Obesity is currently an increasing public health problem. The intra-uterine environment plays a critical role in foetal development. The objective of this study is to investigate the association of obesity with modifications in the metabolic profiles of pregnant women, and their new-borns. Based on the PELAGIE cohort (Brittany, France), a sample of 321 pregnant women was divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI) (normal, over-weight and obese). Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analyses were performed on maternal urine and cord-blood samples. Partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), polytomous and logistic regressions were used to differentiate the metabolic profiles of the three BMI groups after adjusting for potential confounders. Specific profiles were observed for the overweight and obese women (BMI > 25) compared to the normal-weight women: they had a decrease in urinary hippurate excretion associated with a decrease in phenylalanine and an increase in creatinine. We also showed an increase in the urinary excretion of lactate, citrate, acetate, creatine, and lysine only in obese women (BMI > 30) compared to the normal-weight women. The PLS-DA modelling did not reveal any significant difference between the cord-blood metabolic profiles of newborns according to maternal BMI—although infants born of obese women had a higher birth weight and a lower Apgar score. Our results confirmed the potential link between obesity and gut microbiota disruption (changes in urinary acids), as well as energy and amino-acid metabolism but did not reveal any disruption among newborns.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge financial support from the EHESP School of Public Health, France. We gratefully acknowledge Marie Tremblay-Franco for helpful advice on statistics, and Sven Delaye for advice on English translation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INSERM UMR 1085 (IRSET), Université Rennes 1, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, CS74312, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France

    Romain Desert, Nathalie Costet, Sylvaine Cordier & Nathalie Bonvallot

  2. EHESP School of Public Health, Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, CS74312, 35043, Rennes Cedex, France

    Romain Desert & Nathalie Bonvallot

  3. INSERM UMR 991, Université Rennes 1 – Hôpital Pontchaillou, 2 Rue Henri Le Guilloux, 35033, Rennes, France

    Romain Desert, Nathalie Costet, Sylvaine Cordier & Nathalie Bonvallot

  4. INRA - UMR 1331 TOXALIM, Bâtiment A, 180 Chemin de Tournefeuille, BP 93173, 31027, Toulouse Cedex 3, France

    Cecile Canlet & Nathalie Bonvallot

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  4. Sylvaine Cordier
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  5. Nathalie Bonvallot
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Correspondence to Nathalie Bonvallot.

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Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

Gynaecologists informed the women of the nature of the study and asked them to participate, after providing written consent. This consent was accompanied by a letter of information describing the goal of the study, the consortium, data collection procedures and follow-up after birth (via questionnaires and medical examinations). Explicit mention was made of the right to refuse to participate, and the fact that such a refusal would not have any effect on the woman's relationship with her doctor. Both the INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) ethics committee and the National Commission in charge of Data Protection (CNIL) approved the study procedures. Reference (N°902076; 31 may 2002).

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Desert, R., Canlet, C., Costet, N. et al. Impact of maternal obesity on the metabolic profiles of pregnant women and their offspring at birth. Metabolomics 11, 1896–1907 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-015-0836-1

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