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Lipidomic changes during different growth stages of Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima

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Abstract

Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray ionization-Quadrupole-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF–MS) is a powerful lipidomic tool. In this study, we developed a UPLC/Q-TOF–MS based method to investigate the lipid metabolomic changes in different growth phases of Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima. The data classification and biomarker selection were carried out by using multivariate statistical analysis, including principal components analysis (PCA), projection to latent structures with discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal projection to latent structures with discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). We discovered that the intercellular lipid metabolites were significantly different among exponential, early stationary and late stationary phases. Thirty-one lipid molecules were selected and identified as putative biomarkers, including free fatty acid, Harderoporphyrin, phosphatidylglycerol, 1,2-diacyglycerl-3-O-4′-(N,N-trimethy)-homoserine, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, lyso-sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, digalactosyldiacylglycerol and lyso-digalactosyldiacylglycerol. These lipids have been shown previously to function in energy storage, membrane stability and photosynthesis efficiency during the growth of diatoms. Further analysis on the putative biomarkers demonstrated that nitrate starvation played critical role in the transition from exponential phase to stationary phase in N. closterium. This study is the first one to explore the lipidomic changes of microalgae in different growth phases, which promotes better understanding of their physiology and ecology.

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Abbreviations

UPLC:

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Q-TOF-MS:

Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry

MS/MS:

Tandem mass spectrometry

TIC:

Total ion current chromatogram

ESI:

Electrospray ionization

PCA:

Principal components analysis

PLS-DA:

Projections to latent structures discriminant analysis

OPLS-DA:

Orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis

PG:

Phosphatidylglycerol

FA:

Fatty acid

FFA:

Free fatty acid

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

SQDG:

Sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

lyso-SQDG:

Lysosulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol

MGDG:

Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol

DGDG:

Digalactosyldiacylglycerol

lyso-DGDG:

Lyso digalactosyldiacylglycerol

DGTS:

1, 2-diacyglycerl-3-O-4′-(N,N-trimethy)-homoserine

PUFA:

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

SFA:

Saturated fatty acid

MUFA:

Monounsaturated fatty acid

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172448), the National Sparking Plan Project of China (2011GA701002), Zhejiang Public Welfare Project, China (2010C32021), Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation, China (Y3100534 and Z3100565), Ningbo Science and Technology Research Projects, China (2011C11003 and 2010C10054), Ningbo Marine Algae Biotechnology Team, China (2011B81007), and partly sponsored by K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Chinese Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China

    Xiaoling Su, Jilin Xu, Xiaojun Yan, Peng Zhao, Juanjuan Chen, Chengxu Zhou, Fang Zhao & Shuang Li

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  1. Xiaoling Su
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  2. Jilin Xu
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Correspondence to Xiaojun Yan.

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Su, X., Xu, J., Yan, X. et al. Lipidomic changes during different growth stages of Nitzschia closterium f. minutissima. Metabolomics 9, 300–310 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-012-0445-1

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