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Layered Double Hydroxide and Its Calcined Product for Fluoride Removal from Groundwater of Ethiopian Rift Valley

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Abstract

In this study, batch experiments have been carried out to investigate the mechanism of fluoride uptake by layered double hydroxide (LDH) and calcined layered double hydroxide (CLDH). Furthermore, practical use of these synthetic minerals was studied in continuous mini-column experiments. In these column studies, groundwater from Ethiopia was tested. LDH and CLDH were synthesized with Mg/Al mole ratio of 2. From batch experimental study, LDH and CLDH have shown maximum removal capacity of 84 and 222 mg F−/g from aqueous solution, respectively. It was observed that fluoride removal was pH dependent with favorable pH range of 5–7 (max. at pH 6). The mechanism of removal is suggested to be ion exchange for LDH and a memory effect followed by surface precipitation reaction for CLDH. The presence of other anions lowered defluoridation capacity of LDH in the order of PO4 3− > SO4 2− > NO3 − ≈ Cl−. From continuous experiments at 1 mM NaHCO3, LDH showed maximum defluoridation capacity of 1.3 mg/g and CLDH up to 20 mg/g. It was also observed that increase of bicarbonate concentration to 10 mM lowered the fluoride uptake capacity of CLDH to 4 mg/g. The presence of 1 mM H4SiO4 further reduced fluoride uptake capacity to 3 mg/g. CLDH column tested with groundwater from the Rift Valley with 10.5 mg F−/L has shown maximum removal capacity of 2.2 mg F−/g. Regeneration of this column indicated that CLDH has a good potential to be re-used.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to dedicate this work to our colleague Annette Johnson for her contribution to Ethiopia. The authors would like to acknowledge the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) for the financial and technical support. MD acknowledges the Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University. Special thanks to the staff of EAWAG and Prof. Gerhard Furrer from ETH-Zurich. ID is grateful to CSIC for her research leave at AAU and the Spanish Government, MINECO (MAT2012-31127), for funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Meseret Dessalegne

  2. Chemistry Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

    Feleke Zewge & Isabel Diaz

  3. Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dubendorf, Switzerland

    Numa Pfenninger & C. Annette Johnson

  4. Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica, CSIC, Madrid, Spain

    Isabel Diaz

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  1. Meseret Dessalegne
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  2. Feleke Zewge
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  3. Numa Pfenninger
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  4. C. Annette Johnson
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  5. Isabel Diaz
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Correspondence to Isabel Diaz.

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C. Annette Johnson died before publication of this work was completed.

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Dessalegne, M., Zewge, F., Pfenninger, N. et al. Layered Double Hydroxide and Its Calcined Product for Fluoride Removal from Groundwater of Ethiopian Rift Valley. Water Air Soil Pollut 227, 381 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3079-5

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