Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Sustainability Assessment and Reporting for Nonprofit Organizations: Accountability “for the Public Good”

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nonprofit organizations serve the public good by offering services that benefit communities and the individuals who live in them. While many large for-profit companies and a few international nonprofits have begun voluntarily assessing and reporting their environmental, cultural, economic, and social sustainability performance in response to growing public awareness of sustainability issues, nonprofit organizations have generally been slow to adopt the practice. This paper makes the case that nonprofits have an obligation to assess and report sustainability performance to account for their positive and negative environmental, cultural, economic, and social impacts in the communities they serve precisely because of their promise to serve the public good; and that sustainability assessment and reporting are not only possible, but that they can actually offer several practical advantages for organizations that integrate the practice into their missions and models. Several sustainability reporting frameworks are reviewed. Two case examples are presented to illustrate the utility of sustainability assessments and reports for different types and sizes of nonprofit organizations. Challenges to the process of adoption and implementation of sustainability programs in the nonprofit sector are discussed.

Résumé

Les associations à but non lucratif servent l’intérêt général en proposant des services qui bénéficient aux communautés et aux individus qui les composent. En réponse à la prise de conscience croissante du public face aux problèmes de durabilité, de nombreuses grandes entreprises à but lucratif et quelques associations internationales à but non lucratif ont volontairement commencé à évaluer et publier leurs résultats en matière de développement durable environnemental, culturel, économique et social. Toutefois, l’adoption de telles pratiques par les associations à but non lucratif a généralement été lente. Cet article plaide en faveur de l’obligation pour les associations à but non lucratif d’évaluer et de publier leurs résultats en matière de développement durable afin de rendre compte de leurs effets positifs et négatifs sur les plans environnementaux, culturels, économiques et sociaux dans les communautés qu’elles visent, parce que leur engagement consiste justement à servir l’intérêt général, mais aussi parce que cet exercice est plus qu’une simple possibilité : il peut réellement présenter un intérêt pratique pour les organismes qui l’intègrent à leurs missions et modèles de fonctionnement. L’article passe ainsi plusieurs modèles de compte-rendu de développement durable en revue. Il s’appuie sur deux études de cas pour illustrer l’utilité des évaluations de durabilité et de la publication des résultats pour des associations à but non lucratif de types et tailles différents. Il examine en outre les défis que représente le processus d’adoption et de mise en œuvre de programmes de développement durable pour les associations à but non lucratif.

Zusammenfassung

Nonprofit-Organisationen dienen dem Wohl der Allgemeinheit, indem sie Dienstleistungen bereitstellen, die Gemeinden und ihren Bürgern zugute kommen. Während viele große gewinnorientierte Unternehmen und einige internationale Nonprofit-Organisationen infolge des zunehmenden öffentlichen Bewusstseins über Nachhaltigkeitsprobleme damit begonnen haben, ihre ökologische, kulturelle, wirtschaftliche und soziale Nachhaltigkeit auf freiwilliger Basis zu bewerten und zu berichten, wenden Nonprofit-Organisationen diese Praktiken im Allgemeinen nur zögerlich an. Dieser Beitrag liefert Argumente dafür, dass Nonprofit-Organisationen die Pflicht haben, ihre Nachhaltigkeitsleistung zu bewerten und zu berichten, um Rechenschaft über ihre positiven und negativen ökologischen, kulturellen, wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen in den Gemeinden, denen sie ihre Dienste bereitstellen, abzulegen, gerade weil sie versprechen, dem Wohl der Allgemeinheit zu dienen. Weiter wird argumentiert, dass eine Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung und eine Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung nicht nur möglich sind, sondern dass sie Organisationen, die diese Praxis in ihre Aufgaben und Modelle integrieren, in der Tat viele praktische Vorteile bringen. Es werden mehrere Regelwerke zur Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung geprüft und zwei Fallbeispiele präsentiert, um die Nützlichkeit der Nachhaltigkeitsbewertung und -berichterstattung für verschiedene Arten und Größen von Nonprofit-Organisationen zu veranschaulichen. Schließlich werden die Schwierigkeiten im Prozess der Annahme und Implementierung von Nachhaltigkeitsprogrammen im gemeinnützigen Sektor diskutiert.

Resumen

Las organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro sirven al bien público ofreciendo servicios que benefician a las comunidades y a los individuos que viven en ellas. Aunque muchas grandes compañías con ánimo de lucro y algunas sin ánimo de lucro internacionales han comenzado de manera voluntaria a evaluar e informar sobre su rendimiento medioambiental, cultural, económico, social y de sostenibilidad en respuesta a la creciente concienciación pública sobre cuestiones de sostenibilidad, las organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro han sido normalmente lentas en adoptar esta práctica. El presente documento aboga para que las organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro tengan la obligación de evaluar e informar sobre su rendimiento en cuanto a sostenibilidad para dar cuenta de sus impactos medioambientales, culturales, económicos y sociales positivos y negativos en las comunidades a las que sirven, precisamente debido a su promesa de servir al bien público; y para que la evaluación y la elaboración de informes sobre sostenibilidad no sólo sean posibles, sino que puedan ofrecer realmente varias ventajas prácticas para las organizaciones que integren dicha práctica en sus misiones y modelos. Se revisan varios marcos de elaboración de informes sobre sostenibilidad. Se presentan dos ejemplos de casos para ilustrar la utilidad de las evaluaciones y de los informes de sostenibilidad para diferentes tipos y tamaños de organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro. Se tratan también los retos ante el proceso de adopción e implementación de programas de sostenibilidad en el sector sin ánimo de lucro.

摘要

非营利组织通过提供社区和社区居民能获益的服务,服务于公共利益。虽然许多大型营利公司和少数国际非营利组织已开始志愿评估和报告其环境、文化、经济以及社会可持续性表现,以响应公众对可持续性问题愈发强烈的意识,但是非营利组织采取这一做法的速度通常很缓慢。本篇论文陈述,非营利组织有义务评估和报告可持续性表现,以阐述对其服务社区的正面和负面环境、文化、经济和社会影响,这正是因为它们承诺要服务于公共利益。另外本文陈述,可持续性评估和报告不仅可行,而且可为将此项操作纳入其工作使命和模式的组织提供若干具有实用性的优势。本文回顾若干可持续性报告框架。本文呈现两个案例,以阐明不同类型和规模的非营利组织的可持续评估和报告的效用。本文讨论非营利部门制定和执行可持续发展项目面临的挑战。

ملخص

تخدم المنظمات الغير ربحية الصالح العام من خلال تقديم الخدمات التي تستفيد منها المجتمعات والأفراد الذين يعيشون فيها. في حين بدأت العديد من الشركات التي تسعى للربح الكبير وعدد قليل من المنظمات الغير ربحية الدولية طواعية بتقييم وإعداد التقاريرعن إستدامة أداؤهم البيئي ٬الثقافي ٬الإقتصادي، والإجتماعي في الإستجابة لتزايد الوعي العام بمسائل الإستدامة، كانت المنظمات الغير ربحية عموما˝ بطيئة في إختيار هذه الممارسة. هذا البحث يعطي أسباب وجيهة أن المنظمات الغير ربحية لديها إلتزاما˝ لتقييم ورفع تقارير عن أداء الإستدامة لحساب تأثيراتها الإيجابية و السلبية البيئية ٬الثقافية ٬الإقتصادية، والإجتماعية في المجتمعات المحلية التي تخدمها تحديدا˝ بسبب وعودهم لخدمة الصالح العام؛ وأن تقييم الإستدامة وإعداد التقارير ليس ممكن فقط، بل أنهم يمكن أن يوفروا في الواقع العديد من المزايا العملية للمنظمات التي تعمل على دمج الممارسة في مهامهم والنماذج. تتم مراجعة العديد من إطارات تقارير الإستدامة. يتم عرض مثالين لتوضيح أداة حالة تقييم الإستدامة وإعداد التقاريرعن أنواع وأحجام مختلفة من المنظمات الغير ربحية. تمت مناقشة التحديات التي تواجه عملية إختيار وتنفيذ برامج الإستدامة في القطاع الغير ربحي.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • AccountAbility. (2008). AA1000 accountability principles standard 2008. London: Author. http://www.accountability.org/images/content/0/7/074/AA1000APS%202008.pdf. Retrieved 11 July 2011.

  • Anheier, H. K., & Salamon, L. M. (2006). The nonprofit sector in comparative perspective. In W. W. Powell & R. Steinberg (Eds.), The nonprofit sector: A research handbook (2nd ed., pp. 89–116). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bebbington, J. (2001). Sustainable development: A review of the international development, business and accounting literature. Accounting Forum, 25, 128–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, M., & James, P. (1999). Key themes in environmental, social and sustainability performance evaluation and reporting. In M. Bennett & P. James (Eds.), Sustainable measures: Evaluation and reporting of environmental and social performance (pp. 29–75). Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing Limited.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Central Statistical Organization. (2009, September). A survey of non-profit institutions in India—Some findings. Paper presented at the Special IARIW-SAIM Conference on “Measuring the Informal Economy in Developing Countries,” Kathmandu, Nepal. http://www.iariw.org/papers/2009/9a%20CSO.pdf. Retrieved 13 March 2012.

  • Chhabara, R. (2010). Guidelines briefing, Part 5: ISO 26000—Can one size fit all? Ethical Corporation, April 2010. http://www.ethicalcorp.com/communications-reporting/guidelines-briefing-part-5-iso-26000-can-one-size-fit-all. Retrieved 12 November 2011.

  • Dillard, J., Dujon, V., & King, M. C. (2009). Introduction. In J. Dillard, V. Dujon, & M. C. King (Eds.), Understanding the social dimension of sustainability (pp. 1–12). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dumay, J., Guthrie, J., & Farneti, F. (2010). GRI sustainability reporting guidelines for public and third sector organizations: A critical review. Public Management, 12, 531–548.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Oxford: Capstone.

    Google Scholar 

  • Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). (2011). Increasing transparency and credibility in the NGO sector. Amsterdam: Author. http://globalreporting.org. Retrieved 13 October 2011.

  • Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). (2012). GRI sustainability reporting statistics: Publication year 2011. Amsterdam: Author. https://www.globalreporting.org/resourcelibrary/GRI-Reporting-Trends-2011.pdf. Retrieved 7 June 2012.

  • Goodluck, C., Brennan, E., Ossowski, J. D., Jones, K. R., & McBeath, B. (2009, November). Social sustainability and social work: An HBSE curriculum module. Paper presented at the 55th Annual Program Meeting, Council on Social Work Education, San Antonio, TX.

  • Gulati-Partee, G. (2001). A primer on nonprofit organizations. Popular Government, 66, 31–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, P. D. (2007). A historical overview of philanthropy, voluntary associations, and nonprofit organizations in the United States, 1600–2000. In W. W. Powell & R. Steinberg (Eds.), The nonprofit sector: A research handbook (2nd ed., pp. 32–65). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart, M. (2010). Definitions of sustainability. West Hartford, CT: Sustainable Measures. http://www.sustainablemeasures.com/node/35. Retrieved 27 September 2011.

  • Heintz, S. (2006, January). The role of NGOs in modern societies and an increasingly interdependent world. Paper presented at Annual Conference of the Institute for Civil Society, Guangzhou, China. http://www.ifce.org/pages/envirolink_Articles/5m06/Role.htm. Retrieved 14 November 2011.

  • Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability. (1999). AA1000 overview. London: Author. http://www.accountability.org/images/content/0/7/076/AA1000%20Overview.pdf. Retrieved 25 October 2011.

  • International Institute for Sustainable Development. (2012). Compendium: A global directory to indicator initiatives. Winnipeg: Author. http://www.iisd.org/measure/compendium/. Retrieved 19 April 2012.

  • International Organization for Standardization. (2010). ISO 26000 project overview. Geneva: Author. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_26000_project_overview.pdf. Retrieved 17 October 2011.

  • Lamberton, G. (2005). Sustainability accounting—A brief history and conceptual framework. Accounting Forum, 29, 7–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lecy, J. D., Schmitz, H. P., & Swedlund, H. (2012). Non-governmental and not-for-profit organizational effectiveness: A modern synthesis. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 23, 434–457.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, M. (2004). Public reporting: A neglected aspect of nonprofit accountability. Nonprofit Management & Leadership, 15, 169–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKenzie, S. (2004). Social sustainability: Towards some definitions. Working paper series No. 27. Magill, Australia: University of South Australia, Hawke Research Institute.

  • Milne, M., & Gray, R. (2007). Future prospects for corporate sustainability reporting. In J. Unerman, J. Bebbington, & B. O’Dwyer (Eds.), Sustainability accounting and accountability (pp. 184–207). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monerva, J. M., Archel, P., & Correa, C. (2005). GRI and the camouflaging of corporate unsustainability. Accounting Forum, 30, 121–137.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dwyer, B. (2007). The nature of NGO accountability: Motives, mechanisms and practice. In J. Unerman, J. Bebbington, & B. O’Dwyer (Eds.), Sustainability accounting and accountability (pp. 285–306). London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • O’Dwyer, B., Owen, D., & Unerman, J. (2011). Seeking legitimacy for new assurance forms: The case of assurance on sustainability reporting. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 36, 31–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, S. (2003). The voluntary and non-profit sector in Japan: The challenge of change. New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Research Triangle Institute. (2009). Trusted solutions. Global experience: Annual report 2009. Research Triangle Park, NC: Author. http://www.rti.org/annual_reports/2009/rti_ar_2009.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2011.

  • Research Triangle Institute. (2010). Living our mission: 2010 sustainability report. Research Triangle Park, NC: Author. http://www.rti.org/reports/sustainability/2010/index.html. Retrieved 9 October 2011.

  • Robèrt, K. H., Schmidt-Bleek, B., Aloisi de Larderel, J., Basile, G., Jansen, L., Kuehr, R., et al. (2001). Strategic sustainable development—Selection, design and synergies of applied tools. Journal of Cleaner Production, 10, 197–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roca, L. C., & Searcy, C. (2012). An analysis of indicators disclosed in corporate sustainability reports. Journal of Cleaner Production, 20, 103–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salamon, L. M., Sokolowski, S. W., & Geller, S. L. (2012). Holding the fort: Nonprofit employment during a decade of turmoil. Nonprofit Economic Data Bulletin #39. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University.

  • Stimpson. (2003). ISO 9001 for nonprofits: Is it worth the expense? The O&P Edge, Vol. 2. http://www.oandp.com/articles/2003-02_08.asp. Retrieved 30 November 2011.

  • Tilt, C. A. (2007). External stakeholders’ perspectives on sustainability reporting. In J. Unerman, J. Bebbington, & B. O’Dwyer (Eds.), Sustainability accounting and accountability (pp. 104–126). London: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Treadwell, D. F., & Treadwell, J. B. (2005). Public relations writing: Principles in practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Union Hospital. (2011). Union Hospital 2011 annual report to the community. Dover, OH: Author. http://www.unionhospital.org/downloads/AnnualReport.pdf. Retrieved 27 March 2012.

  • United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • United States Environmental Protection Agency. (2011). Toxic chemical release inventory reporting forms and instructions: Revised 2011 version. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urban Institute. (2012). Nonprofits. Washington DC: Author. http://www.urban.org/nonprofits/index.cfm. Retrieved 9 March 2012.

  • Zadek, S. (2006). Corporate responsibility and competitiveness at the macro level: responsible competitiveness: Reshaping global markets through responsible business practices. Corporate Governance, 6, 334–348.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kevin R. Jones.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jones, K.R., Mucha, L. Sustainability Assessment and Reporting for Nonprofit Organizations: Accountability “for the Public Good”. Voluntas 25, 1465–1482 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9399-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9399-9

Keywords

Navigation