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Characterization of genotype IX Newcastle disease virus strains isolated from wild birds in the northern Qinling Mountains, China

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Abstract

This study was conducted to evaluate the virulence and evolution of genotype IX Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from wild birds in the northern Qinling Mountains of China. Five isolates were obtained from 374 larynx and cloacae swabs, which were collected from multiple asymptomatic wild bird species from August 2008 to July 2011, and were subsequently characterized by pathotype and genotype. Deduced amino acid sequences revealed that all five NDV isolates exhibited velogenic fusion protein cleavage sites motif 112R-R-Q-R-R-F117, shared as high as 99.8–99.9 % homology with each other, and varied in pathotype by intracerebral pathogenicity indices (ICPI) of 0.425–1.638. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all five isolates were clustered to genotype IX NDV. This is the first study to confirm multiple asymptomatic wild bird species as natural carriers of virulent genotype IX NDV. A novel NDV isolate from the Spotted-necked Dove (family Columbidae) exhibited discordance between its lentogenic ICPI and its virulent proteolytic cleavage site motif 112R-R-Q-R-R-F117. Although the five isolates underwent several amino acid mutations in the fusion protein, evidence of continuous evolutionary divergence did exist in the genotype IX NDV, which was always regarded as a conservative genotype.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the Shaanxi Rare and Wildlife Rescuing and Breeding Centre for providing several samples and partially identifying species of birds. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31272578).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China

    Xuji Duan, Peng Zhang, Jing Ma, Shengli Chen, Huafang Hao, Haijin Liu, Xiangjing Fu, Pengpeng Wu, Dingquan Zhang, Weidong Zhang, Enqi Du & Zengqi Yang

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  1. Xuji Duan
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Correspondence to Zengqi Yang.

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Xuji Duan and Peng Zhang contributed equally to the work.

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Duan, X., Zhang, P., Ma, J. et al. Characterization of genotype IX Newcastle disease virus strains isolated from wild birds in the northern Qinling Mountains, China. Virus Genes 48, 48–55 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-013-0987-y

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