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Phylogeography of rabies virus isolated from herbivores and bats in the Espírito Santo State, Brazil

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Abstract

Rabies is enzootic in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Every year, cattle and horses die from rabies that is transmitted by the vampire bat Desmodus rotundus. This paper describes the spread of the rabies virus by the continuous diffusion model using relaxed random walks with BEAST software. Forty-one (41) sequences of gene G from the rabies virus that was isolated from bats and domestic herbivores from several areas of the state between 2006 and 2010 were analyzed. The phylogenetic tree showed three main clusters as well as two sub-clusters under cluster 2. A spatial analysis showed that three strains of the rabies virus spread independently. In general, central Espírito Santo, which is mountainous, was the area where separation of the virus strains occurred. This physical barrier, however, was overcome at some point in time, as samples from different lineages were found in the same microarea.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Instituto Pasteur de São Paulo and the Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal do Espírito Santo, as well as research assistant Felipe de Paula Nogueira and Ms. Keila Iamamoto Nogi, Ph.D., for their valuable contributions. This research was financed by the CNPq (Brazilian Counsel for Technological and Scientific Development) and by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, project 578545/2008-0.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Setor de Virologia e Viroses, Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Hospital Veterinário, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Agropecuárias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, Parque Califórnia, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-600, Brazil

    Luiz Fernando Pereira Vieira & Sílvia Regina Ferreira Gonçalves Pereira

  2. Instituto Pasteur, Av. Paulista, 393, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP, 01311-000, Brazil

    Pedro Carnieli Jr. & Ivanete Kotait

  3. Instituto Biológico do Espírito Santo, Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal, Vila Oásis, Santana, Cariacica, ES, 29153-520, Brazil

    Luiz Carlos Barbosa Tavares

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  1. Luiz Fernando Pereira Vieira
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  2. Sílvia Regina Ferreira Gonçalves Pereira
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  3. Pedro Carnieli Jr.
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  5. Ivanete Kotait
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Correspondence to Luiz Fernando Pereira Vieira.

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Vieira, L.F.P., Pereira, S.R.F.G., Carnieli, P. et al. Phylogeography of rabies virus isolated from herbivores and bats in the Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Virus Genes 46, 330–336 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-012-0866-y

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