Abstract
The paper seeks a perfectly general argument regarding the non-contingent limits to any (human or non-human) knowledge. After expressing disappointment with the history of philosophy on this score, an argument is grounded in Fitch’s proof, which demonstrates the unknowability of some truths. The necessity of this unknowability is then defended by arguing for the necessity of Fitch’s premise—viz., there this is in fact some ignorance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bradley R., Swartz N. (1979) Possible worlds. Blackwell, Oxford
Catton W.R., Dunlap R.E. (1980) A new ecological paradigm for post-exuberant sociology. American Behavioural Scientist 24(1): 15–47
Cresswell M.J. (1966) The completeness of S0.5. Logique et Analyse 9: 263–266
Cresswell M.J. (1970) Note on the interpretation of S0.5. Logique et Analyse 51: 376–378
Fitch F.B. (1963) A logical analysis of some value concepts. Journal of Symbolic Logic 28: 135–142
Hart, W.D. (1979). The epistemology of abstract objects. Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, 153–165.
Kant I. (1781). Critique of pure reason, abridged edition (trans: N.Kemp Smith, 1934). London, Macmillan
Kleene S.C. (1962) Introduction to metamathematics. North-Holland, Amsterdam
Lee H.D.P. (1979) Wittgenstein 1929–1931. Philosophy 54: 211–220
Lemmon E.J. (1957) New foundations for Lewis modal systems. Journal of Symbolic Logic 22: 176–186
Lemmon E.J. (1959) Is there only one correct system of modal logic? Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume 33: 23–40
Rennie M.K. (1971) Remark on cresswell on S0.5. Logique et Analyse 14: 757–758
Rodman J. (1980) Paradigm change in political science. American Behavioural Scientist 24(1): 49–78
Rosen S. (1974) G.W.F Hegel. An introduction to the science of wisdom. Yale University Press, New Haven
Routley R. (1968a) Decisions procedures and semantics for C1, E1, and S0.5. Logique et Analyse 11: 468–471
Routley R. (1968b) The decidability and semantical incompleteness of Lemmon’s system S0.5. Logique et Analyse 11: 413–421
Routley, R. (1980a). Exploring Meinong’s jungle and beyond: An investigation of noneism and the theory of items. Department of Philosophy Monograph Series No. 3, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra.
Routley R. (1980b) On the impossibility of an orthodox social theory and of an orthodox solution to environmental problems. Logique et Analyse 23: 145–66
Routley R. (1981) Alleged problems in attributing beliefs and intentionality to animals. Inquiry 24: 385–417
Routley R., Plumwood V., Meyer R.K., Brady R.T. (1982) Relevant logics and their rivals (Vol. 1). Atascadero, CA, Ridgeview Publishing
Routley, R. (1983). Nihilisms and Nihilist logics. Discussion Papers in Environmental Philosophy No 4, Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra.
Russell B. (1948) Human knowledge: Its scope and limits. Allen and Unwin, London
Russell, B. (1956). Logic and knowledge: Essays, 1901–1950. London: George Allen and Unwin; New York: The Macmillan Company.
Stace W.T. (1924) The philosophy of hegel. Macmillan, London
Strawson P.F. (1966) The bounds of sense. Methuen, London
Wittgenstein L. (1961) Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (trans: D. F. Pears & B. F. McGuinness). Routledge and Kegan Paul, London
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This paper was originally published in 1981 as “Necessary Limits to Knowledge: Unknowable Truths,” in M. Edgar, N. Otto, and Z. Gerhard (eds.), Essays in Scientific Philosophy. Dedicated to Paul Weingartner/Philosophie als Wissenschaft. Paul Weingartner gewidmet, Bad Reichenhall: Comes Verlag, 93–115. The author died in 1996. The paper is reprinted here by kind permission of the estate. Richard Routley—Formerly Senior Fellow at Australian National University.
The address of Routley (Sylvan) executor, Nicholas Griffin: MacMaster University, Department of Philosophy, University Hall 309, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4L8, Canada, e-mail: ngriffin@mcmaster.ca
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Routley, R. Necessary limits to knowledge: unknowable truths. Synthese 173, 107–122 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9679-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-009-9679-5