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Formation of the Outer Planets

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Abstract

Models of the origins of gas giant planets and ‘ice’ giant planets are discussed and related to formation theories of both smaller objects (terrestrial planets) and larger bodies (stars). The most detailed models of planetary formation are based upon observations of our own Solar System, of young stars and their environments, and of extrasolar planets. Stars form from the collapse, and sometimes fragmentation, of molecular cloud cores. Terrestrial planets are formed within disks around young stars via the accumulation of small dust grains into larger and larger bodies until the planetary orbits become well enough separated that the configuration is stable for the lifetime of the system. Uranus and Neptune almost certainly formed via a bottom-up (terrestrial planet-like) mechanism; such a mechanism is also the most likely origin scenario for Saturn and Jupiter.

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  1. Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA

    Jack J. Lissauer

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Lissauer, J.J. Formation of the Outer Planets. Space Sci Rev 116, 11–24 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-005-1945-3

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