Abstract
The probability of experiencing simultaneous disadvantages in more than one life domain seems to be higher for the oldest old people than younger age groups. However, the experience of coexisting disadvantages among older adults is relatively underexplored. We set out to analyse whether coexisting disadvantages among older people are long-lasting or temporary, and whether there are patterns of an accumulation of disadvantages in old age or not. We used nationally representative, longitudinal data between 1991 and 2011. Respondents were born between 1916 and 1934. The following disadvantages were included: lack of social resources, lack of political resources, lack of financial resources, psychological health problems, physical health problems and mobility limitations. Results suggest differing experiences of disadvantage in old age. We found that reporting coexisting disadvantages in 1991 increased the probability of reporting coexisting disadvantages in 2011, but the correlation was moderate. This indicates that for some people, coexisting disadvantages in old age is relatively stable, while for others it is a temporary experience. Reporting one disadvantage in 1991 also increased the probability of reporting coexisting disadvantages in 2011, suggesting a pattern of accumulation of disadvantages. Again, this pattern may not be generalised to all people. To a large extent the observed accumulation of disadvantages in old age seemed to be driven by physical health deterioration and mobility limitations.
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Acknowledgments
Josephine Heap gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Department of Social Work at Stockholm University, as well as from the Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare: Grant 2007-1947. Stefan Fors gratefully acknowledges financial support from Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare: Grant 2012-0761. We would like to thank Carin Lennartsson and Lena Dahlberg for valuable comments on earlier drafts.
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Heap, J., Fors, S. Duration and Accumulation of Disadvantages in Old Age. Soc Indic Res 123, 411–429 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0744-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0744-1