Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anodic self-organized transparent nanotubular/porous hematite films from Fe thin-films sputtered on FTO and photoelectrochemical water splitting

  • Published:
Research on Chemical Intermediates Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the present work, we investigate the self-organized anodic formation of nanotubular/porous hematite structures from Fe thin films on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates. We show, for different metal film thicknesses, that transparent layers of an aligned 1D oxide morphology can be grown by complete anodization of sputtered iron films. The nanoporous or nanotubular structures show very different potentials for use as a photoanode for solar water splitting. Best performance under AM 1.5 (100 mW cm−2) conditions were found for a nanoporous hematite structure obtained after anodizing a 570-nm-thick iron film and using combined air/Ar annealing to maintain the nanoscale morphology.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. S.U.M. Khan, J. Akikusa, J. Phys. Chem. B 103(34), 7184 (1999)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Y.S. Hu, A. Kleiman-Shwarsctein, A.J. Forman, D. Hazen, J.N. Park, E.W. McFarland, Chem. Mater. 20(12), 3803 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. K. Sivula, R. Zboril, F. Le Formal, R. Robert, A. Weidenkaff, J. Tucek, J. Frydrych, M. Grätzel, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(21), 7436 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. K. Sivula, F. Le Formal, M. Grätzel, ChemSusChem 4(4), 432 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. F.L. Formal, M. Grätzel, K. Sivula, Adv. Funct. Mater. 20(7), 1099 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. Ling, G. Wang, D.A. Wheeler, J.Z. Zhang, Y. Li, Nano Lett. 11(5), 2119 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. L. Jia, K. Harbauer, P. Bogdanoff, I. Herrmann-Geppert, A. Ramirez, R. van de Krol, S. Fiechter, J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 20196 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Kment, Z. Hubicka, J. Krysa, D. Sekora, M. Zlamal, J. Olejnicek, M. Cada, P. Ksirova, Z. Remes, P. Schmuki, E. Schubert, R. Zboril, Appl. Catal. B Environ. 165, 344 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. S. Kment, Z. Hubicka, J. Krysa, J. Olejnicek, M. Cada, I. Gregora, M. Zlamal, M. Brunclikova, Z. Remes, N. Liu, L. Wang, R. Kirchgeorg, C.Y. Lee, P. Schmuki, Catal. Today 230, 8 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. J. Krysa, M. Zlamal, S. Kment, M. Brunclikova, Z. Hubicka, Molecules 20(1), 1046 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. R. Rajendran, Z. Yaakob, M. Pudukudy, M.S.A. Rahaman, K. Sopian, J. Alloy. Compdn. 608, 207 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Sivula, F. Le Formal, M. Grätzel, Chem. Mater. 21(13), 2862 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. P.H. Borse, H. Jun, S.H. Choi, S.J. Hong, J.S. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(17), 173103 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. J. Brillet, M. Grätzel, K. Sivula, Nano Lett. 10(10), 4155 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. R.H. Goncalves, B.H.R. Lima, E.R. Leite, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(15), 6012 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. N. Beermann, L. Vayssieres, S.E. Lindquist, A. Hagfeldt, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147(7), 2456 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. R. Morrish, M. Rahman, J.M.D. MacElroy, C.A. Wolden, ChemSusChem 4(4), 474 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. A. Mao, K. Shin, J.K. Kim, D.H. Wang, G.Y. Han, J.H. Park, A.C.S. Appl, Mater. Interfaces 3(6), 1852 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S.K. Mohapatra, S.E. John, S. Banerjee, M. Misra, Chem. Mater. 21(14), 3048 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R.R. Rangaraju, A. Panday, K.S. Raja, M. Misra, J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(13), 135303 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. W. Hamd, S. Cobo, J. Fize, G. Baldinozzi, W. Schwartz, M. Reymermier, A. Pereira, M. Fontecave, V. Artero, C. Laberty-Robert, C. Sanchez, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 14(38), 13224 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. L. Wang, C.-Y. Lee, P. Schmuki, J. Mater Chem. A 1(2), 212 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C.-Y. Lee, L. Wang, Y. Kado, R. Kirchgeorg, P. Schmuki, Electrochem. Commun. 34, 308 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. H. Habazaki, Y. Konno, Y. Aoki, P. Skeldon, G.E. Thompson, J. Phys. Chem. C 114(44), 18853 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S.P. Albu, P. Schmuki, Electrochim. Acta 91, 90 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. T.J. Nakau, Phys. Soc. Japan 15, 727 (1960)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank DFG and the DFG cluster of excellence “Engineering of Advanced Materials” (EAM), and project 13-29241P of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, WW4-LKO, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany

    Lei Wang, Chong-Yong Lee, Robin Kirchgeorg, Ning Liu, Kiyoung Lee & Patrik Schmuki

  2. Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Štěpán Kment, Jiří Olejníček, Martin Čada & Radek Zbořil

  3. Institute of Physics, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 14800, Prague, Czech Republic

    Zdeněk Hubička

  4. Department of Inorganic Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague, Czech Republic

    Josef Krýsa

  5. Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Patrik Schmuki

Authors
  1. Lei Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chong-Yong Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Robin Kirchgeorg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ning Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kiyoung Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Štěpán Kment
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zdeněk Hubička
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Josef Krýsa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jiří Olejníček
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Martin Čada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Radek Zbořil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Patrik Schmuki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Štěpán Kment.

Additional information

Patrik Schmuki: Electrochemical Society Activity Member.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Wang, L., Lee, CY., Kirchgeorg, R. et al. Anodic self-organized transparent nanotubular/porous hematite films from Fe thin-films sputtered on FTO and photoelectrochemical water splitting. Res Chem Intermed 41, 9333–9341 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-015-2021-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11164-015-2021-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation