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Catalytic hydrolysis of waste residue from the melamine process and the kinetics of melamine hydrolysis in NaOH solution

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Abstract

The catalytic hydrolysis behavior of waste residue from the melamine process (OAT) and the hydrolysis kinetics of melamine in NaOH aqueous solution were studied in a batch operation autoclave reactor. The results showed that OAT mainly contains melamine, ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid. Acid and alkali can both be used as a catalyst to lower the hydrolysis temperature and intensify the hydrolysis process. The optimized operation parameters for the hydrolysis of melamine were: 200 °C, pH 13.26 and a reaction time of 2 h. Melamine was hydrolyzed sequentially to ammeline, ammelide, cyanuric acid and NH3 + CO2. The kinetic results showed that the hydrolysis of melamine, ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid all are first order reaction. The kinetic models provide good prediction results of the OAT hydrolysis behavior in NaOH aqueous solution.

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Abbreviations

A :

Pre-exponential factor (min−1)

A 1 :

Pre-exponential factor of the 1th step (min−1)

A 2 :

Pre-exponential factor of the 2th step (min−1)

A 3 :

Pre-exponential factor of the 3th step (min−1)

A 4 :

Pre-exponential factor of the 4th step (min−1)

\(c_{{i_{0} }}\) :

The initial concentration of reactant i in the reaction liquid (mg/L)

\(c_{\text{i}}\) :

The final concentration of reactant i in the reaction liquid (mg/L)

\(c_{\text{Ai}}\) :

The initial melamine concentration in the reaction liquid (mg/L)

\(c_{\text{A}}\) :

Concentration of melamine (mg/L)

\(c_{\text{B}}\) :

Concentration of ammeline (mg/L)

\(c_{\text{C}}\) :

Concentration of ammelide (mg/L)

\(c_{\text{D}}\) :

Concentration of cyanuric acid (mg/L)

\(c_{{{\text{A}}_{ 0} }}\) :

The concentration of melamine at t = 0 (mg/L)

\(c_{{{\text{B}}_{ 0} }}\) :

The concentration of ammeline at t = 0 (mg/L)

\(c_{{{\text{C}}_{ 0} }}\) :

The concentration of ammelide at t = 0 (mg/L)

\(c_{{{\text{D}}_{ 0} }}\) :

The concentration of cyanuric acid at t = 0 (mg/L)

\(E_{\text{a}}\) :

Activation energy (kJ/mol)

\(E_{\text{a1}}\) :

Activation energy of component melamine (kJ/mol)

\(E_{\text{a2}}\) :

Activation energy of component ammeline (kJ/mol)

\(E_{\text{a3}}\) :

Activation energy of component ammelide (kJ/mol)

\(E_{\text{a4}}\) :

Activation energy of component cyanuric acid (kJ/mol)

K :

Reaction rate constant (min−1)

k 1 :

Reaction rate constant of the 1-th step (min−1)

k 2 :

Reaction rate constant of the 2-th step (min−1)

k 3 :

Reaction rate constant of the 3-th step (min−1)

k 4 :

Reaction rate constant of the 4-th step (min−1)

R :

Universal gas constant [8.314 J/(mol K)]

R 2 :

Correlation coefficient

S j :

The selectivity of component j, j represents ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid, respectively

S NC :

The selectivity of NH3 + CO2

t :

Time (min)

T :

Reaction temperature (K)

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful for the financial support from Key Technology Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province (2014GZ0058) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21276163, No. 21576168).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Multi-phase Mass Transfer and Reaction Engineering Lab, College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China

    Hai Gong, Shengwei Tang & Tao Zhang

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  1. Hai Gong
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  2. Shengwei Tang
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  3. Tao Zhang
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Correspondence to Tao Zhang.

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Gong, H., Tang, S. & Zhang, T. Catalytic hydrolysis of waste residue from the melamine process and the kinetics of melamine hydrolysis in NaOH solution. Reac Kinet Mech Cat 118, 377–391 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11144-016-1014-9

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