Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Colouring the socio-economic development into green: I-distance framework for countries’ welfare evaluation

  • Published:
Quality & Quantity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The indicator-based research papers represent a substantial part of socioeconomic sphere, but the controversy about the choice of indicators and aggregation methods still remains. The aim of our paper is twofold: first, to elaborate the use of indicators in assessing socioeconomic development and welfare of countries, and in particular, to review the socioeconomic and welfare indicators in order to form a theoretical framework. Secondly, the idea of the paper is to emphasize the importance of incorporating environmental indicators into the evaluation of socioeconomic development. To this end we suggest the implementation of ecological footprint and environmental performance index, along with frequently used indicators such as GDP per capita, unemployment rate, etc. In addition, applying a statistical I-distance method we were able to overcome the problems concerning the aggregation of composite indicator using presumably biased weighting factors. As a case study we analyzed a dataset of 25 European Union countries, starting with 2007 and ending with the last available data of 2012. The results presented in this study clearly indicated EU countries with high level of socioeconomic development, with a special emphasis on the underlying dynamics of a five-year period. One of the contributions lies in the application of an I-distance method which can easily integrate economic, social and environmental variables with different measurement units into one composite indicator. Moreover, our approach could be a foundation for an appropriate framework of countries’ welfare evaluation which would be unbiased i.e. independent from subjectively formed weighting factors. The ecological footprint and environmental performance index as environmental indicators proved to be essential part of an I-distance framework for countries’ welfare evaluation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Altman, D.: Bringing direct democracy back. In: toward a three-dimensional measure of democracy. Democratization (2013). doi:10.1080/13510347.2012.659020

  • Arndt, S., Acion, L., Caspers, K., Blood, P.: How reliable are county and regional health rankings?. Prev. Sci. 14(5), 497–502 (2013). doi:10.1007/s11121-012-0320-3

    Google Scholar 

  • Barrett, J., Scott, A.: The application of the ecological footprint: a case of passenger transport in Merseyside. Local Env. 8, 167–183 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beca, P., Santos, R.: Measuring sustainable welfare: a new approach to the ISEW. Ecol. Econ. 69(4), 810–819 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Binningsbo, H., de Soya, I., Gleditsch, N.: Green giant or straw man? Environmental pressure and civil conflict 1961–1999. Popul. Environ. 28, 337–353 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blomqvist, L., Brook, B.W., Ellis, E.C., Kareiva, P.M., Nordhaus, T., et al.: Does the shoe fit? Real versus imagined ecological footprints. PLoS Biol 11(11), e1001700 (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001700

  • Bravo, G.: The human sustainable development index: new calculations and a first critical analysis. Ecol.l Indic. 37, 145–150 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.10.020

  • Brüggemann, R., Patil, G.P.: Ranking and Prioritization for Multi-indicator Systems. Springer, Dordrecht (2011)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Buehn, A., Farzanegan, M.R.: Hold your breath: a new index of air pollution. Energy Econ. 37, 104–113 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2013.01.011

  • Cahuc, P., Carcillo, S., Rinne, U., Zimmermann, K.F.: Youth unemployment in old Europe: the polar cases of France and Germany. IZA J. Eur. Stud. 2(1), 18 (2013). doi:10.1186/2193-9012-2-18

  • Cameron, A.J. van Stralen, M.M., Kunst, A.E. te Velde, S.J., van Lenthe, F.J., Salmon, J.O., Brug, J.: Macroenvironmental factors including GDP per capita and physical activity in Europe. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 45(2), 278–285 (2013). doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31826e69f0

    Google Scholar 

  • Caminada, K., Goudswaard, K., Van Vliet, O.: Patterns of welfare state indicators in the EU: Is there convergence? J. Common Market Stud. 48(3), 529–556 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, N., Saha, S.: Corruption, democracy and Asia-Pacific countries. J. Asia Pacific Econ. 18(2), 290–303 (2013). doi:10.1080/13547860.2013.778156

  • Campisi, D., de Nicola, A., Farhadi, M., Mancuso, P.: Discovering the impact of ICT, FDI and human capital on GDP: a cross-sectional analysis. Int. J. Eng. Bus. Manag. 5, 46 (2013). doi:10.5772/56922

  • Chandrasekharan, I., Kumar, R.S., Raghunathan, S., Chandrasekharan, S.: Construction of environmental performance index and ranking of states. Curr. Sci. 104(4), 435–439 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chew, H.E., Ilavarasan, P.V., Levy, M.R.: The Economic Impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on microenterprises in the context of development. EJISDC 44(4), 1–19 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Comim, F., Amaral, P.V.: The Human Values Index: conceptual foundations and evidence from Brazil. Camb. J. Econ. 37(6), 1221–1241 (2013). doi:10.1093/cje/bet019

  • Costanza, R., Kubiszewski, I., Giovannini, E., Lovins, H., McGlade, J., Pickett, K.E., Ragnarsdóttir, K.V., Roberts, D., De Vogli, R., Wilkinson, R.: Time to leave GDP behind. Nature 505, 283–285 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cracolici, M.F., Cuffaro, M., Nijkamp, P.: The measurement of economic, social and environmental performance of countries: a novel approach. Soc. Indic. Res. 95(2), 339–356 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crompton, S., Roy, R., Caird, S.: Household ecological footprinting for active distance learning and challenge of personal lifestyles. Int. J. Sustain. High. Edu. 3, 313–323 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cuckler, G.A., Sisko, A.M., Keehan, S.P., Smith, S.D., Madison, A.J., Poisal, J.A., Wolfe, C.J., Lisonitz, J.M., Stone, D.A.: National health expenditure projections, 2012–2022: slow growth until coverage expands and economy improves. Health Affair. 32(10) 1820–1831 (2013). doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2013.0721

    Google Scholar 

  • D’Acci, L.: Measuring well-being and progress. Soc. Indic. Res. 104(1), 47–65 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, A.L.: Achievements and gaps in indicators for sustainability. Ecol. Indic. 17, 14–19 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, E.A.: You Can’t Eat GNP: Economics as If Ecology Mattered. Perseus, Cambridge, MA (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Diebolt, C., Mishra, T., Ouattara, B., Parhi, M.: Democracy and economic growth in an interdependent world. Rev. Int. Econ. 21(4), 733–749 (2013). doi:10.1111/roie.12067

    Google Scholar 

  • Diener, E., Suh, E.: Measuring quality of life: economic, social and subjective indicators. Soc. Indic. Res. 40, 189–216 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Djuran, J., Golusin, M., Ivanovic, O.M., Jovanovic, L., Andrejevic, A.: Renewable energy and socio-economic development in the European union. Probl. Ekorozw. 8(1), 105–114 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobbie, M.J., Dail, D.: Robustness and sensitivity of weighting and aggregation in constructing composite indices. Ecol. Indic. 29, 270–277 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrota, M., Jeremic, V., Markovic, A.: A new perspective on the ICT development index. Info. Dev. 28(4), 271–280 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • EIU - Economist Intelligence Unit. http://www.eiu.com/ (2013). Accessed 11 January 2014

  • Emerson, J.W., Hsu, A., Levy, M.A., de Sherbinin, A., Mara, V., Esty, D.C., Jaiteh, M.: Environmental Performance Index and Pilot Trend Environmental Performance Index. Yale Center for Environmental Law and Policy, New Haven (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • EPI - Environmental Performance Index. http://epi.yale.edu (2013). Accessed 13 January 2014

  • Espina, P.Z., Arechavala, N.S.: An assessment of social welfare in Spain: territorial analysis using a synthetic welfare indicator. Soc. Indic. Res. 111(1), 1–23 (2013). doi:10.1007/s11205-012-0005-0

  • Eurostat. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/eurostat/home (2013). Accessed 12 January 2014

  • Ewing, B., Goldfinger, S., Wackernagel, M., Stechbart, M., Riz, S., Reed, A., Kitzes, J.: The ecological footprint atlas 2008. Glob. Footpr. Netw. 9, 812–817 (2008)

  • Farhadi, M., Salehi, H., Embi, M.A., Fooladi, M., Farhadi, H., Chadegani, A.A., Ebrahim, N.A.: Contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) in country’s H-index. J. Theor. Appl. Info. Tech. 57(1), 122–127 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferng, J.J.: Applying input-output analysis to scenario analysis of ecological footprints. Ecol. Econ. 69(2), 345–354 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2009.08.006

  • Fuchs, V.R.: The gross domestic product and health care spending. N. Engl. J. Med. 369(2), 107–109(2013). doi:10.1056/NEJMp1305298

  • Garcia, E.C., Martina, J.A.R.: Measurement of disparities between indicators associated with the welfare in least developed countries (LDCs). Asi. Rev. Econ. Mund. 25, 83–108 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • GFN - Global Footprint Network. http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/ (2013). Accessed 11 January 2014

  • Guttorp, P., Kim, T.Y.: Uncertainty in ranking the hottest years of US surface temperatures. J. Climate 26(17) 6323–6328 (2013). doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00760.1

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartman, M., Martin, A.B., Benson, J., Catlin, A.: National health spending in 2011: overall growth remains low, but some payers and services show signs of acceleration. Health Affair. 32(1), 87–99 (2013). doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2012.1206

  • Hauner, D., Kyobe, A.: Determinants of government efficiency. World Dev. 38(11), 1527–1542 (2010). doi:10.5755/j01.ee.23.2.1546

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, B.N., Hwang, M.J., Yang, C.W.: Causal relationship between energy consumption and GDP growth revisited: a dynamic panel data approach. Ecol. Econ. 67(1), 41–54 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.11.006

    Google Scholar 

  • Huarng, K.H.: A comparative study to classify ICT developments by economies. J. Bus. Res. 64(11), 1174–1177 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.06.018

  • ITU. http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Pages/default.aspx (2013). Accessed 15 January 2014

  • Ivanovic, B.: Classification Theory. Institute for Industrial Economic, Belgrade (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jain, P., Jain, P.: Sustainability assessment index: a strong sustainability approach to measure sustainable human development. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. 20(2), 116–122 (2013). doi:10.1080/13504509.2013.766910

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeremic, V., Bulajic, M., Martic, M., Radojicic, Z.: A fresh approach to evaluating the academic ranking of world universities. Scientometrics 87(3), 587–596 (2011a)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jeremic, V., Isljamovic, S., Petrovic, N., Radojicic, Z., Markovic, A., Bulajic, M.: Human development index and sustainability: What’s the correlation? Metal. Int. 16(7), 63–67 (2011b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeremic, V., Bulajic, M., Martic, M., Markovic, A., Savic, G., Jeremic, D., Radojicic, Z.: An evaluation of European countries health systems through distance based analysis. Hippokratia 16(2), 170–174 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeremic, V., Jovanovic-Milenkovic, M., Martic, M., Radojicic, Z.: Excellence with leadership: the crown indicator of SCImago institutions rankings IBER report. Profesional de la Informacion 22(5), 474–480 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jesinghaus, J.: Measuring European environmental policy performance. Ecol. Indic. 17, 29–37 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jovanovic, M., Jeremic, V., Savic, G., Bulajic, M., Martic, M.: How does the normalization of data affect the ARWU ranking? Scientometrics 93(2), 319–327 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karlsdotter, K., Martin, J.J., del Lopez Amo Gonzales, M.P.: Multilevel analysis of income, income inequalities and health in Spain. Soc. Sci. Med. 74(7), 1099–1106(2012). doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.020

  • Koster, F.: Economic openness and welfare state attitudes: a multilevel study across 67 countries. Int. J. Soc. Welf. 21(2), 115–126 (2013). doi:10.1111/ijsw.12040

  • Kubiszewski, I., Constanza, R., Franco, C., Lawn, P., Talberth, J., Jaskson, T., Aylmer, C.: Beyond GDP: measuring and achieving global genuine progress. Ecol. Econ. 93, 57–68 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2013.04.019

    Google Scholar 

  • Lago-Penas, S., Cantanero-Prieto, D., Blazquez-Fernandez, C.: On the relationship between GDP and health care expenditure: a new look. Econ. Model. 32, 124–129 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.econmod.2013.01.021

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, C.C., Chien, M.S.: Dynamic modelling of energy consumption, capital stock, and real income in G-7 countries. Energy Econ. 32(3), 564–581 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2009.08.022

  • Li, X., Xiao, R., Yuan, S., Chen, J., Zhou, J.: Urban total ecological footprint forecasting by using radial basis function neural network: a case study of Wuhan city. China. Ecol. Indic. 10, 241–248 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lind, N.: A calibrated index of human development. Soc. Indic. Res. 98(2), 301–319 (2010). doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9543-5

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, M., Zhang, D., Min, Q., Xie, G., Su, N.: The calculation of productivity factor for ecological footprints in China: a methodological note. Ecol. Indic. 38, 124–129 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.hal.2013.11.003

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahdavi, S., Alanis, E.: Public expenditures and the unemployment rate in the American states: panel evidence. Appl. Econ. 45(20), 2926–2937 (2013). doi:10.1080/00036846.2012.690849

    Google Scholar 

  • Makiela, K., Misztur, T.: Going green versus economic performance. Inizinerine Ekonomika-Eng. Econ. 23(2), 137–143 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Markusen, J.: Putting per-capita income back into trade theory. J. Int. Econ. 90(2), 255–265(2013). doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2013.04.003

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendola, D., Scuderi, R., Lacagnina, V.: Defining and measuring the development of a country over time: a proposal of a new index. Qual. Quan. 47(5), 2473–2494(2013). doi:10.1007/s11135-012-9665-8

  • Mikkelson, G.M: Growth is the problem; equality is the solution. Sustainability 5(2), 432–439 (2013). doi:10.3390/su5020432

    Google Scholar 

  • Miranda, L.C.M., Lima, C.A.S.: Trends and cycles of the internet evolution and worldwide impacts. Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 79(4), 744–765 (2012). doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2011.09.001

  • Moffat, I.: Ecological footprints and sustainable development. Ecol. Econ. 32(3), 359–362 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moran, D.D., Wackernagel, M., Kitzes, J., Goldfinger, S.H., Boutau, A.: Measuring sustainable development: nation by nation. Ecol. Econ. 64, 470–474 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mostafa, M.: Clustering the ecological footprint of nations using Kohonen’s self-organizing maps. Expert Syst. Appl. 37, 2747–2755 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nelson, K.: Social assistance and EU poverty thresholds 1990–2008. Are European welfare systems providing just and fair protection against low income. Eur. Sociol. Rev. 29(2), 386–401 (2013). doi:10.1093/esr/jcr080

  • Ozturk, I.: Acaravci, A: The long-run and causal analysis of energy, growth, openness and financial development on carbon emissions in Turkey. Energy Econ. 36, 262–267 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.eneco.2012.08.025

  • Paruolo, P., Saisana, M., Saltelli, A.: Ratings and rankings: voodoo or science?. J. R. Stat. Soc. 176(3), 609–634 (2013). doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2012.01059.x

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrosillo, I., Costanza, R., Aretano, R., Zaccarelli, N., Zurlini, G.: The use of subjective indicators to assess how natural and social capital support residents’ quality of life in a small volcanic island. Ecol. Indic. 24(1), 609–620 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pillarisetti, J.R., van den Bergh, J.C.: Aggregate indices for identifying environmentally responsible nations: an empirical analysis and comparison. Int. J. Environ. Stud. 70(1), 140–150(2013). doi:10.1080/00207233.2012.752059

    Google Scholar 

  • Pissourios, I.A.: An interdisciplinary study on indicators: a comparative review of quality-of-life, macroeconomic, environmental, welfare and sustainability indicators. Ecol. Indic. 34, 420–427 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Radojicic, Z., Isljamovic, S., Petrovic, N., Jeremic, V.: A novel approach to evaluating sustainable development. Problemy Ekorozwoju - Probl. Sustain. Dev. 7(1), 81–85 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Radojicic, Z., Jeremic, V.: Quantity or quality: What matters more in ranking higher education institutions? Curr. Sci. 103(2), 158–162 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ram, R., Ural, S.: Comparison of GDP per capita Data in Penn World Table and World Development Indicators. Soc. Indic. Res. 1–8 (2013). doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0284-0

  • Rees, W.E., Wackernagel, M.: The shoe fits, but the footprint is larger than Earth. PLoS Biol 11(11): e1001701 (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001701

  • Rees, W.E.: Ecological footprints and appropriated carrying capacity: what urban economics leaves out. Environ. Urban. 4(2), 121–130 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rice, J.: Ecological unequal exchange: international trade and uneven utilization of environmental space in the world system. Soc. F. 85, 1369–1392 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rogge, N.: Undesirable specialization in the construction of composite policy indicators: the Environmental Performance Index. Ecol. Indic. 23, 143–154 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.03.020

  • Saisana, M., D’Hombres, B.: Higher education rankings: robustness issues and critical assessment. How much confidence can we have in higher education rankings? EUR23487, Joint Research Centre, Publications Office of the European Union, Italy. (2008). doi:10.2788/92295

  • Saisana, M., D’Hombres, B., Saltelli, A.: Rickety numbers: volatility of university rankings and policy implications. Res. Policy 40(1), 165–177 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.respol.2010.09.003

  • Saisana, M., Tarantola, S.: State-of-the-art report on current methodologies and practices for composite indicator development, EUR Report 20408 EN. European Commission, JRC-IPSC, Italy (2002)

  • Saltelli, A., Ratto, M., Andres, T., Campolongo, F., Cariboni, J., Gatelli, D., Saisana, M., & Tarantola, S.: Introduction to Sensitivity Analysis. In Global Sensitivity Analysis: The Primer, vol. 304, pp. 569. Wiley, Chichester (2008). doi: 10.1002/9780470725184.ch1

  • Saltelli, A.: Composite indicators between analysis and advocacy. Soc. Indic. Res. 81, 65–77 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Salvati, L., Zitti, M.: The environmental risky region: identifying land degradation processes through integration of socio-economic and ecological indicators in a multivariate regionalization model. Environ. Manag. 44(5), 888–898 (2009). doi:10.1007/s00267-009-9378

  • Seke, K., Petrovic, N., Jeremic, V., Vukmirovic, J., Kilibarda, B., Martic, M.: Sustainable development and public health: rating European countries. BMC Public Health 13(1), 77 (2013). doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-77

  • Sharma, A., Srivastava, P.: Does Disaggregation affect the relationship between health care expenditure and GDP? An analysis using regime shifts. Aust. Econ. Pap. 50(1), 27–39 (2011). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8454.2011.00409.x

  • Sharma, S.S.: The relationship between energy and economic growth: empirical evidence from 66 countries. Appl. Energy 87(11), 3565–3574 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.06.01

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soo, K.T.: Does anyone use information from university rankings? Edu. Econ. 21(2), 176–190 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarantola, S., Saltelli, A.: Composite indicators: the art of mixing apples and oranges. In: Munnich, R. (ed.) Composite Indicators - Boon or Bane. Statistisches Bundesamt, Germany (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ture, C.: A methodology to analyze the relations of ecological footprint corresponding with human development index: eco-sustainable human development index. Int. J. Sustain. Dev. World Ecol. 20(1), 9–19(2013). doi:10.1080/13504509.2012.751562

  • Turner, K., Lenzen, M., Wiedmann, T., Barrett, J.: Examining the global environmental impact of regional consumption activities–Part 1: a technical note on combining input-output and ecological footprint analysis. Ecol. Econ. 62(1), 37–44 (2007). doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2006.12.002

  • UNDP, Human development report. United Nations Development Program (2008)

  • Van Vuuren, D., Smeets, E.: Ecological footprints of Benin, Bhutan, Costa Rica and the Netherlands. Ecol. Econ. 34, 115–130 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wackernagel, M., Rees, W.E.: Our Ecological Footprint: Reducing Human Impact on The Earth. New Society, Gabriola Island, Philadelphia (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wackernagel, M.: Introduction-methodological advancements in footprint analysis. Ecol. Econ. 68, 1925–1927 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiner, S.A.: Overview: the role of information policy in resolving global challenges. GPRI Policy Briefs 1(1), 6 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  • Weinzettel, J., Hertwich, E.G., Peters, G.P., Steen-Olsen, K., Galli, A.: Affluenze drives the global displacement of land use. Glob. Environ. Change 23, 433–438 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2012.12.010

  • Wiedmann, T., Barrett, J.: A review of the ecological footprint indicator-perceptions and methods. Sustainability 6(2), 1645–1693 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • World Bank. http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators (2013). Accessed 12 January 2014

  • Zhang, C.: Money, housing, and inflation in China. J. Policy Model. 35(1), 75–87 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2012.04.006

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Jove Ilica 154, Belgrade, Serbia

    Sonja Išljamović, Veljko Jeremić, Nataša Petrović & Zoran Radojičić

Authors
  1. Sonja Išljamović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Veljko Jeremić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nataša Petrović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Zoran Radojičić
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sonja Išljamović.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Išljamović, S., Jeremić, V., Petrović, N. et al. Colouring the socio-economic development into green: I-distance framework for countries’ welfare evaluation. Qual Quant 49, 617–629 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-014-0012-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-014-0012-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation