Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Qualitative research in psychology: misunderstandings about textual analysis

  • Published:
Quality & Quantity Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The authors review some of the problems faced by qualitative research in psychology, focusing on the aspects that limit its use and its inclusion in indexed publications. In order to determine whether these problems exist, a case study on textual analysis was performed. The authors conducted a literature search of many databases from the Web of Science (Sciences Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index and the Arts and Humanities Citation Index), with the keywords “textual analysis” and “text analysis”. Subsequently, the authors completed an in-depth analysis of a sample of the publications found, reviewing publication aspects, substantive aspects, methodological aspects and contextual aspects. The results showed that “textual analysis” cannot be considered a specific methodology and so the use of this term as a particular technique could be misleading. This highlights the need to create a common vocabulary to facilitate the systematization and dissemination of work done with qualitative methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barbour R.S.: Introducing Qualitative Research. Sage, London (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Botella J., Gambara H.: Qué es el meta-análisis [What is the Meta-Analysis]. Biblioteca Nueva, Madrid (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cole M.: Cultural Psychology: A Once and Future Discipline. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado A.R.: Metodología especial, métodos cualitativos y conceptos abstractos [Special Methodology, Qualitative Methods and Abstract Concepts]. Psicothema 22, 509–512 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N.K., Lincoln, Y.S. (eds.): Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks (2000)

  • Gerring J.: Social Science Methodology. A Criterial Framework. Cambridge University Press, New York (2001)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Grbich C.: Qualitative Data Analysis. An Introduction. Sage, London (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewson C.: Internet-mediated research as an emergent method and its potential role in facilitating mixed methods research. In: Hesse-Biber, S.N., Leavy, P. (eds) Handbook of Emergent Methods, pp. 543–570. Guilford Press, Nueva York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzko M.W.: The rhetoric of psychological research and the problem of unification in psychology. Am. Psychol. 57, 262–270 (2002). doi:10.1037/0003-066X.57.4.262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelle U.: Introduction: an overview of computer-aided methods in qualitative research. In: Kelle, U. (ed.) Computer-Aided Qualitative Data Analysis, pp. 1–17. Sage, Newbury Park (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Kidd S.A.: The role of qualitative research in psychological journals. Psychol. Methods 7(1), 126–138 (2002). doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krahn G.L., Hohn M.F., Kime C.: Incorporating qualitative approaches into clinical child psychology research. J. Clin. Child Psychol. 24, 204–213 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krippendorff K.: Content Analysis. An Introduction to its Methodology, 2nd edn. Sage, Thousand Oaks (2004a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Krippendorff K.: Measuring the reliability of qualitative text analysis data. Qual. Quant. 38, 787–800 (2004b)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langenhove L.V.: The theoretical foundations of experimental psychology and its alternatives. In: Smith, J.A., Harre, R., Langenhove, L.V. (eds) Rethinking Psychology, pp. 10–23. Sage, Thousand Oaks (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Madill A., Gough B.: Qualitative research and its place in psychological science. Psychol. Methods 13, 254–271 (2008). doi:10.1037/a0013220

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madill, A., Todd, Z.: Proposal to the Council of the British Psychological Society for the formation of a new section of the society on ‘Qualitative Methods in Psychology’. Retrieved December 1, 2006, from http://www.psyc.leeds.ac.uk/research/qual/BPSQualSection.pdf (2002)

  • Marchel C., Owens S.: Qualitative research in psychology: could William James get a job?. Hist. Psychol. 10(4), 301–324 (2007). doi:10.1037/1093-4510.10.4.301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marecek, J.: Dancing through minefields: toward a qualitative stance in psychology. In: Camic, P.M., Rhodes, J.E., Yardley, L. (eds.) Qualitative Research in Psychology: Expanding Perspectives inMethodology and Design, pp. 49–69. American Psychological Association, Washington (2003)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell J.A., Miller B.A.: Categorizing and connecting strategies in qualitative data analysis. In: Hesse-Biber, S.N., Leavy, P. (eds) Handbook of Emergent Methods, pp. 461–477. Guilford Press, Nueva York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehl M.R., Gill A.J.: Automatic text analysis. In: Gosling, S.D., Johnson, J.A. (eds) Advanced Methods for Conducting Online Behavioral Research, pp. 109–127. American Psychological Association, Washington (2010)

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Miles M.B., Huberman A.M.: Qualitative Data Analysis. Sage, Beverly Hills (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  • Patton M.Q.: Qualitative Research and Evaluative Methods. Sage, Thousand Oaks (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pennebaker, J.W., Francis, M.E., Booth, R.J.: Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC): LIWC 2001. Erlbaum, Mahwah. Available from http://www.liwc.net (2001)

  • Popping R.: Text analysis for knowledge graphs. Qual. Quant. 41, 691–709 (2007). doi:10.1007/s11135-006-9020-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prior L.: Researching documents. Emergent methods. In: Hesse-Biber, S.N., Leavy, P. (eds) Handbook of Emergent Methods, pp. 111–126. Guilford Press, Nueva York (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayson, P.: Wmatrix: A Web-Based Corpus Processing Environment. Computing Department, Lancaster University. Available from http://ucrel.lancs.ac.uk/wmatrix/ (2009)

  • Riba C.: La metodologia qualitativa en l’estudi del comportament [La metodología cualitativa en el estudio del comportamiento]. Editorial UOC, Barcelona (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogers A.G.: When methods matter: qualitative research issues in psychology. Harv. Educ. Rev. 70, 75–85 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott J.: Content analysis. In: Jupp, V. (eds) The Sage Dictionary of Social Research Methods, pp. 40–41. Sage, London (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman D.: Doing Qualitative Research. Sage, London (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Stake R.E.: Qualitative Research. Studying how Things Work. Guilford, New York (2010)

    Google Scholar 

References appendix

  • *Alpers, G.W., Winzelberg, A.J., Classen, C., Roberts, H., Dev, P., Koopman, C., Taylor, C.B Evaluation of computerized text analysis in an internet breast cancer support group. Comput. Hum. Behav. 21(2), 361–376 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.02.008

    Google Scholar 

  • *Buchheim, A., Mergenthaler, E.: The relationship among attachment representation, emotion-abstraction patterns and narrative style: a computer-based text analysis of the Adult Attachment Interview. Psychother. Res. 10(4), 390–407 (2000). doi:10.1093/ptr/10.4.390

  • *Carley, K.M.: Extracting team mental models through textual analysis. J. Organ. Behav. 18, 533–558 (1997). doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199711)18:1+<533::AID-JOB906>3.0.CO;2-3

    Google Scholar 

  • *Dzokoto, V., Adams, G.: Analyzing Ghanaian emotions through narrative: a textual analysis of Ama Ata Aidoo’s novel Changes. J. Black Psychol. 33(1), 94–112 (2007). doi:10.1177/0095798406295097

    Google Scholar 

  • *Fernández, L., Lafont, E., Sztulman, H.: Textual analysis of addictive behavior of cigarettes’ smokers undergoing stop smoking treatment. Eur. Rev. Appl. Psychol. 49(3), 199–213 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  • *Fontao, M.I., Mergenthaler, E.: Therapeutic factors and language patterns in group therapy application of computer-assisted text analysis to the examination of microprocesses in group therapy: preliminary findings. Psychother. Res. 18(3), 345–354 (2008). doi:10.1080/10503300701576352

  • *Friedman, M.: Religious fundamentalism and responses to mortality salience: a quantitative text analysis. Int. J. Psychol. Religion 18(3), 216–237 (2008). doi:10.1080/10508610802115800

    Google Scholar 

  • *Gephart, R.: Hazardous measures: an interpretive textual analysis of quantitative sensemaking during crises. J. Organ. Behav. 18, 583–622 (1997). doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(199711)18:1+<583::AID-JOB908>3.0.CO;2-T

    Google Scholar 

  • *Ingulsrud, J.E., Kai, K., Kadowaki, S., Kurobane, S., Shiobara, M.: The assessment of cross-cultural experience: measuring awareness through critical text analysis. Int. J. Intercult. Relat. 26(5), 473–491 (2002). doi:10.1016/S0147-1767(02)00030-5

    Google Scholar 

  • *Kogan, S.M., Gale, J.E.: Decentering therapy: textual analysis of a narrative therapy session. Fam. Process 36(2), 101–126 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  • *Merskin, D.: Truly toffee and raisin hell: a textual analysis of lipstick names. Sex Roles 56(9–10), 591–600 (2007). doi:10.1007/s11199-007-9201-9

    Google Scholar 

  • *Noel-Jorand, M.C., Reinert, M.: Comparison of textual analysis applied to two lectures written three years apart by one author: the language satellites. Psychol. Rep. 92(2), 449–467 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • *Ranney, M., Schank, P.: Protocol modeling, textual analysis, the bifurcation bootstrapping method and Convince Me—computer-based techniques for studying beliefs and their revision. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 27(2), 239–243 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • *Short, J.C., Broberg, J.C., Cogliser, C.C., Brigham, K.H.: Construct validation using computer-aided text analysis (CATA): an illustration using entrepreneurial orientation. Organ. Res. Methods 13(2), 320–347 (2010). doi:10.1177/1094428109335949

  • *Vidal-Abarca, E., Reyes, H., Gilabert, R., Calpe, J., Soria, E., Graesser, A.C.: ETAT: expository text analysis tool. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 34(1), 93–107 (2002)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to María Jesús Carrera-Fernández.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Carrera-Fernández, M.J., Guàrdia-Olmos, J. & Peró-Cebollero, M. Qualitative research in psychology: misunderstandings about textual analysis. Qual Quant 47, 1589–1603 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9611-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9611-1

Keywords

Navigation