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Take-all decline in New Zealand wheat soils and the microorganisms associated with the potential mechanisms of disease suppression

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Abstract

Background and aims

Take-all, caused by the soilborne pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, (Ggt), is an important root disease of wheat. Continuous wheat cropping has been shown to induce take-all decline (TAD). This research investigated the mechanisms of TAD in 13 New Zealand soils in two experiments and identified the associated microorganisms using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE).

Methods

In Experiment 1, a sterile sand/maize-meal mixture inoculated or not inoculated with Ggt, was added at 4 % (w/w) to sterilised and non-sterilised soils to determine their ability to suppress take-all, and to help identify the nature of suppression. Experiment 2 investigated the transferability of suppressive properties in five of the soils from Experiment 1. The microbial communities of these five soils were analysed using PCR-DGGE.

Results

Ten of the soils were able to suppress take-all but the suppression was biological in nature in only four of these soils. The suppressive properties of two of the soils were transferred to a γ-irradiated base soil amended with Ggt, indicating that suppression could be specific in nature (i.e., attributed to a specific microorganism or group of microorganisms). The suppressive properties in one soil were not transferrable, suggesting a general form of suppression, most probably because the conditions in the soil were suitable for other microorganisms to compete with Ggt. DGGE analyses of the microbial communities for five of the soils showed similar banding patterns for those with similar forms of suppression (specific, general and non-suppressive) and identified the potential microorganisms that distinguished them.

Conclusion

These distinguishing microorganisms are likely to independently or interactively have a function in suppressing take-all.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank South Australia Research & Development Institute, Adelaide for analysing soil Ggt DNA concentrations and the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) (Programme LINX0304) for funding the research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 4704, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand

    Soonie Chng & Ruth C. Butler

  2. RHS Garden Wisley, Royal Horticultural Society, Woking, Surrey GU23 6QB, UK

    Matthew G. Cromey

  3. Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand

    Sarah L. Dodd

  4. Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc., 1540 Drew Ave, Davis, CA 95618, USA

    Alison Stewart

  5. Ecology Department, Agriculture and Life Sciences Faculty, Lincoln University, P. O. Box 84, 7647, Canterbury, New Zealand

    Marlene V. Jaspers

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  1. Soonie Chng
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Correspondence to Soonie Chng.

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Chng, S., Cromey, M.G., Dodd, S.L. et al. Take-all decline in New Zealand wheat soils and the microorganisms associated with the potential mechanisms of disease suppression. Plant Soil 397, 239–259 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2620-4

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