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Effect of controlled-release fertilizer on mitigation of N2O emission from paddy field in South China: a multi-year field observation

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Abstract

Aim

There is an ongoing discussion of potential effect of controlled-release fertilizer (CRF) on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from paddy fields.

Method

A four-year field experiment was launched in a major rice cultivation region of China in 2008 and completed in 2011 to explore effects of CRF on N2O emissions from paddy fields. The experimental field followed a water regime pattern typical of China, that is, flooding, mid-season aeration (MSA), reflooding and drying-wetting alternation in sequence. Three treatments, i.e.Treatment CK (no N-fertilizer applied), Treatment U (urea applied), and Treatment C (CRF applied), were laid out in a randomized block design.

Results

Over the 4 years, the estimated average of N2O emissions during the rice seasons were 19.5 ± 5.5, 81.4 ± 17.8 and 69.6 ± 18.7 mg N m−2 in Treatments CK, U and C, respectively. On average, CRF reduced N2O emissions by 13 % and grain yields by 5 %, too, when compared to urea. With normal MSA, Treatment C was 50 %, 11 %, and 25 % lower in N2O emission than Treatment U in 2009, 2010 and 2011 N (N normal aeration) (p < 0.05), respectively, while the former was 31 % higher (p < 0.05) in 2008 and 7 % lower (p > 0.05) in 2011D (D delayed aeration) than the latter with delayed MSA.

Conclusions

CRF inhibited not only the N2O concentration trapped in the soil pore-water but also the production of N2O during the MSA period. Timing of MSA affected the efficiency of CRF mitigating N2O from the paddy field. The findings suggest that MSA starting around D30 (30 days after rice transplanting), the way the local farmers do, would optimize the effect of CRF mitigating N2O from rice fields in China. However, optimization of rice yield using CRF requires further research.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for this research work was provided by Ministry of Science and Technology of China (S2012GR0080), Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA05020200), Ministry of Agriculture of China (201103039), and the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (Grant No. 40971154). The authors would like to express their thanks to the responsible editors and anonymous reviewers for their corrections and suggestions to the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71 East Beijing Road, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Yang Ji, Gang Liu, Jing Ma, Guangbin Zhang & Hua Xu

  2. National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8604, Japan

    Kazuyuki Yagi

  3. Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yang Ji & Gang Liu

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  1. Yang Ji
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  2. Gang Liu
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  4. Guangbin Zhang
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  5. Hua Xu
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  6. Kazuyuki Yagi
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Correspondence to Hua Xu.

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Responsible Editor: Catherine Henault.

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Ji, Y., Liu, G., Ma, J. et al. Effect of controlled-release fertilizer on mitigation of N2O emission from paddy field in South China: a multi-year field observation. Plant Soil 371, 473–486 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-013-1700-6

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