Abstract
As an aggressive cancer with high morbidity, malignant glioma always has a poor prognosis even after surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) shows a strong apoptosis-inducing effect on a variety of cancer cells including glioma. However so far, TRAIL delivery mediated by adenoviral vectors lacks tumor specificity and thus has cytotoxicity to normal cells. To improve the tumor-specificity of adenovirus-mediated TRAIL delivery, we utilized miR-124, miR-128, miR-146b and miR-218 to restrict its expression to within glioma cells. qPCR assay showed that expression of these four miRNAs was greatly downregulated in glioma in comparison with normal brain tissue. Luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-124, miR-128, miR-146b and miR-218 conferred exogenous gene expression with glioma-specificity. By inserting miRNA response elements (MREs) of these miRNAs into the downstream of TRAIL on adenoviral vectors, TRAIL was highly expressed in glioma cells, but not in normal brain cells. Cell viability and immunoblotting assays and FACS analysis showed that cytotoxicity and apoptosis elicited by TRAIL was only observed in glioma cells, rather than normal brain cells. Animal experiments also showed that MREs-regulated TRAIL delivery reduced the growth of glioma xenograft. In this study, we proved that miRNA-mediated tumor specific delivery of TRAIL was able to inhibit the survival of glioma cells and reduce the growth of glioma in vivo.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Reardon DA, Galanis E, DeGroot JF, Cloughesy TF, Wefel JS, Lamborn KR, Lassman AB, Gilbert MR, Sampson JH, Wick W et al (2011) Clinical trial end points for high-grade glioma: the evolving landscape. Neuro Oncol 13(3):353–361
Vecil GG, Lang FF (2003) Clinical trials of adenoviruses in brain tumors: a review of Ad-p53 and oncolytic adenoviruses. J Neurooncol 65(3):237–246
Shewach DS, Zerbe LK, Hughes TL, Roessler BJ, Breakefield XO, Davidson BL (1994) Enhanced cytotoxicity of antiviral drugs mediated by adenovirus directed transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene in rat glioma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 1(2):107–112
McBride WH (2012) Integration of adenovirus thymidine kinase suicide-gene therapy with surgery and radiation therapy for malignant glioma. Future Oncol 8(1):17–20
Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Yung WK, Clayman GL, Liu TJ, Bruner J, Levin VA, Kyritsis AP (1996) Adenovirus-mediated p16/CDKN2 gene transfer induces growth arrest and modifies the transformed phenotype of glioma cells. Oncogene 12(1):103–110
Chintala SK, Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Venkaiah B, Bjerkvig R, Yung WK, Sawaya R, Kyritsis AP, Rao JS (1997) Adenovirus-mediated p16/CDKN2 gene transfer suppresses glioma invasion in vitro. Oncogene 15(17):2049–2057
Fueyo J, Gomez-Manzano C, Puduvalli VK, Martin-Duque P, Perez-Soler R, Levin VA, Yung WK, Kyritsis AP (1998) Adenovirus-mediated p16 transfer to glioma cells induces G1 arrest and protects from paclitaxel and topotecan: implications for therapy. Int J Oncol 12(3):665–669
Lee SH, Kim MS, Kwon HC, Park IC, Park MJ, Lee CT, Kim YW, Kim CM, Hong SI (2000) Growth inhibitory effect on glioma cells of adenovirus-mediated p16/INK4a gene transfer in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 6(5):559–563
Liu J, Xu X, Feng X, Zhang B, Wang J (2011) Adenovirus-mediated delivery of bFGF small interfering RNA reduces STAT3 phosphorylation and induces the depolarization of mitochondria and apoptosis in glioma cells U251. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 30:80
Zhang J, Zhang QY, Fu YC, Wang T, Zhang J, Xu P, Zhou X, Pu PY, Kang CS (2009) Expression of p-Akt and COX-2 in gastric adenocarcinomas and adenovirus mediated Akt1 and COX-2 ShRNA suppresses SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma and U251 glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Technol Cancer Res Treat 8(6):467–478
Pan D, Wei X, Liu M, Feng S, Tian X, Feng X, Zhang X (2010) Adenovirus mediated transfer of p53, GM-CSF and B7-1 suppresses growth and enhances immunogenicity of glioma cells. Neurol Res 32(5):502–509
Naumann U, Bahr O, Wolburg H, Altenberend S, Wick W, Liston P, Ashkenazi A, Weller M (2007) Adenoviral expression of XIAP antisense RNA induces apoptosis in glioma cells and suppresses the growth of xenografts in nude mice. Gene Ther 14(2):147–161
Lee J, Hampl M, Albert P, Fine HA (2002) Antitumor activity and prolonged expression from a TRAIL-expressing adenoviral vector. Neoplasia 4(4):312–323
Kim CY, Jeong M, Mushiake H, Kim BM, Kim WB, Ko JP, Kim MH, Kim M, Kim TH, Robbins PD et al (2006) Cancer gene therapy using a novel secretable trimeric TRAIL. Gene Ther 13(4):330–338
Wohlfahrt ME, Beard BC, Lieber A, Kiem HP (2007) A capsid-modified, conditionally replicating oncolytic adenovirus vector expressing TRAIL Leads to enhanced cancer cell killing in human glioblastoma models. Cancer Res 67(18):8783–8790
Jeong M, Kwon YS, Park SH, Kim CY, Jeun SS, Song KW, Ko Y, Robbins PD, Billiar TR, Kim BM et al (2009) Possible novel therapy for malignant gliomas with secretable trimeric TRAIL. PLoS One 4(2):e4545
Liu Y, Lang F, Xie X, Prabhu S, Xu J, Sampath D, Aldape K, Fuller G, Puduvalli VK (2011) Efficacy of adenovirally expressed soluble TRAIL in human glioma organotypic slice culture and glioma xenografts. Cell Death Dis 2:e121
Li JT, Bian K, Zhang AL, Kim DH, Ashley WW, Nath R, McCutcheon I, Fang B, Murad F (2011) Targeting different types of human meningioma and glioma cells using a novel adenoviral vector expressing GFP-TRAIL fusion protein from hTERT promoter. Cancer Cell Int 11(1):35
Finnberg N, El-Deiry WS (2008) TRAIL death receptors as tumor suppressors and drug targets. Cell Cycle 7(11):1525–1528
Sontheimer EJ, Carthew RW (2005) Silence from within: endogenous siRNAs and miRNAs. Cell 122(1):9–12
Lovat F, Valeri N, Croce CM (2011) MicroRNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer. Semin Oncol 38(6):724–733
Varol N, Konac E, Gurocak OS, Sozen S (2011) The realm of microRNAs in cancers. Mol Biol Rep 38(2):1079–1089
Zhang G, Wang Q, Xu R (2011) Therapeutics based on microRNA: a new approach for liver cancer. Curr Genomics 11(5):311–325
Skalsky RL, Cullen BR (2011) Reduced expression of brain-enriched microRNAs in glioblastomas permits targeted regulation of a cell death gene. PLoS One 6(9):e24248
Silber J, Lim DA, Petritsch C, Persson AI, Maunakea AK, Yu M, Vandenberg SR, Ginzinger DG, James CD, Costello JF et al (2008) miR-124 and miR-137 inhibit proliferation of glioblastoma multiforme cells and induce differentiation of brain tumor stem cells. BMC Med 6:14
Li KK, Pang JC, Ching AK, Wong CK, Kong X, Wang Y, Zhou L, Chen Z, Ng HK (2009) miR-124 is frequently down-regulated in medulloblastoma and is a negative regulator of SLC16A1. Hum Pathol 40(9):1234–1243
Li D, Chen P, Li XY, Zhang LY, Xiong W, Zhou M, Xiao L, Zeng F, Li XL, Wu MH et al (2011) Grade-specific expression profiles of miRNAs/mRNAs and docking study in human grade I-III astrocytomas. Omics 15(10):673–682
Xia H, Cheung WK, Ng SS, Jiang X, Jiang S, Sze J, Leung GK, Lu G, Chan DT, Bian XW et al (2012) Loss of brain-enriched miR-124 MicroRNA enhances stem-like traits and invasiveness of glioma cells. J Biol Chem 287(13):9962–9971
Papagiannakopoulos T, Friedmann-Morvinski D, Neveu P, Dugas JC, Gill RM, Huillard E, Liu C, Zong H, Rowitch DH, Barres BA et al (2012) Pro-neural miR-128 is a glioma tumor suppressor that targets mitogenic kinases. Oncogene 31(15):1884–1895
Xia H, Qi Y, Ng SS, Chen X, Li D, Chen S, Ge R, Jiang S, Li G, Chen Y et al (2009) microRNA-146b inhibits glioma cell migration and invasion by targeting MMPs. Brain Res 1269:158–165
Yue X, Wang P, Xu J, Zhu Y, Sun G, Pang Q, Tao R (2012) MicroRNA-205 functions as a tumor suppressor in human glioblastoma cells by targeting VEGF-A. Oncol Rep 27(4):1200–1206
Rao SA, Santosh V, Somasundaram K (2010) Genome-wide expression profiling identifies deregulated miRNAs in malignant astrocytoma. Mod Pathol 23(10):1404–1417
Song L, Huang Q, Chen K, Liu L, Lin C, Dai T, Yu C, Wu Z, Li J (2010) miR-218 inhibits the invasive ability of glioma cells by direct downregulation of IKK-beta. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 402(1):135–140
Liu Y, Yan W, Zhang W, Chen L, You G, Bao Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Kang C, Jiang T (2012) MiR-218 reverses high invasiveness of glioblastoma cells by targeting the oncogenic transcription factor LEF1. Oncol Rep 28(3):1013–1021
Katakowski M, Zheng X, Jiang F, Rogers T, Szalad A, Chopp M (2010) MiR-146b-5p suppresses EGFR expression and reduces in vitro migration and invasion of glioma. Cancer Invest 28(10):1024–1030
Pierson J, Hostager B, Fan R, Vibhakar R (2008) Regulation of cyclin dependent kinase 6 by microRNA 124 in medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 90(1):1–7
Zhang Y, Chao T, Li R, Liu W, Chen Y, Yan X, Gong Y, Yin B, Liu W, Qiang B et al (2009) MicroRNA-128 inhibits glioma cells proliferation by targeting transcription factor E2F3a. J Mol Med (Berl) 87(1):43–51
Godlewski J, Nowicki MO, Bronisz A, Williams S, Otsuki A, Nuovo G, Raychaudhury A, Newton HB, Chiocca EA, Lawler S (2008) Targeting of the Bmi-1 oncogene/stem cell renewal factor by microRNA-128 inhibits glioma proliferation and self-renewal. Cancer Res 68(22):9125–9130
McCutcheon IE, Friend KE, Gerdes TM, Zhang BM, Wildrick DM, Fuller GN (2000) Intracranial injection of human meningioma cells in athymic mice: an orthotopic model for meningioma growth. J Neurosurg 92(2):306–314
Klapper W, Shin T, Mattson MP (2001) Differential regulation of telomerase activity and TERT expression during brain development in mice. J Neurosci Res 64(3):252–260
Acknowledgments
We appreciated generous providing of adenoviruses by Dr. Zhao in General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command of Chinese PLA, Chengdu, China and plasmids by Dr. Ma, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Conflict of interest
None.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bo, Y., Guo, G. & Yao, W. miRNA-mediated tumor specific delivery of TRAIL reduced glioma growth. J Neurooncol 112, 27–37 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-012-1033-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-012-1033-y