Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the mechanical behavior of a fluoro-polymer elastomer in the −8 to 100∘C temperature range. Several cyclic tension and compression tests and multi-step relaxation tests were performed in order to determine the effects of the temperature on the behavior of the material. The Hyperelasto-Visco-Hysteresis (HVH) phenomenological model was used to account for the thermo-mechanical properties of this material. In this model, which was implemented in the in-house Herezh++ code, three sets of branches stand for different modes of characteristic behavior: the hyperelasticity contribution stands for the reversible elastic phase which occurs at the onset of the loading, the viscosity contribution models the strain rate dependent phase and the hysteresis contribution stands for the irreversible plastic phase. Temperature-dependent parameters were determined using a simplified method based on tension and compression tests interrupted by relaxation steps. The model was found to accurately describe the stress–strain evolution of the elastomer investigated under various mechanical loading conditions at various temperatures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ameduri, B., Boutevin, B., Kostov, G.: Fluoroelastomers: synthesis, properties and applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 26, 105–187 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0079-6700(00)00044-7
Amin, A., Lion, A., Höfer, P.: Effect of temperature history on the mechanical behaviour of a filler-reinforced nr/br blend: literature review and critical experiments. Z. Angew. Math. Mech. 90(5), 347–369 (2010). doi:10.1002/zamm.200900365
Blès, G.: Bases thermomécaniques de la modélisation du comportement des matériaux tissés et des polymères solides. Thèse de doctorat (2002)
Chadwick, P.: Thermo-mechanics of rubberlike materials. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A, Math. Phys. Sci. 276(1260), 371–403 (1973)
Drozdov, A.: Effect of temperature on the viscoelastic and viscoplastic behavior of polypropylene. Mech. Time-Depend. Mater. 14, 411–434 (2010). doi:10.1007/s11043-010-9118-5
Drozdov, A.D., Christiansen, J.: Thermo-viscoplasticity of carbon black-reinforced thermoplastic elastomers. Int. J. Solids Struct. 46(11–12), 2298–2308 (2009). doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2009.01.015
Favier, D.: Contribution à l’étude théorique de l’élastohystérésis à température variable: application aux propriétés de mémoire de forme. Thèse de doctorat d’état (1988)
Favier, D., Guélin, P.: A discrete memory constitutive scheme for mild steel type material theory and experiment. Arch. Mech. 37(3), 201–219 (1985)
Guélin, P.: Remarques sur l’hystérésis mécanique. J. Méc. Théor. Appl. 19(2), 217–245 (1980)
Guitton, E., Rio, G., Laurent, H.: A new multiaxial loading test for investigating the mechanical behaviour of polymers. Polym. Test. 36, 32–43 (2014). doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2014.03.011
Herezh++ (2005). http://www-lg2m.univ-ubs.fr/rio, certification iddn-fr-010-0106078-000-r-p-2006-035-20600 edn
Holzapfel, G., Simo, J.: A new viscoelastic constitutive model for continuous media at finite thermomechanical changes. Int. J. Solids Struct. 33, 3019–3034 (1996). doi:10.1016/0020-7683(95)00263-4
Khan, A.S., Baig, M., Hamid, S., Zhang, H.: Thermo-mechanical large deformation responses of hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR): Experimental results. Int. J. Solids Struct. 47(20), 2653–2659 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2010.05.012
Laurent, H., Vandenbroucke, A., Rio, G., Hocine, N.A.: A simplified methodology to identify material parameters of a Hyperelasto-Visco-Hysteresis model: application to a fluoro-elastomer. Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. 085, 004 (2011). doi:10.1088/0965-0393/19/8/085004
Lion, A.: A constitutive model for carbon black filled rubber: Experimental investigations and mathematical representation. Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 8, 153–169 (1996). doi:10.1007/BF01181853
Lion, A.: A physically based method to represent the thermo-mechanical behaviour of elastomers. Acta Mech. 123, 1–25 (1996). doi:10.1007/BF01178397
Lion, A.: On the large deformation behaviour of reinforced rubber at different temperatures. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 45(11–12), 1805–1834 (1997). doi:10.1016/S0022-5096(97)00028-8
Lion, A.: Constitutive modelling in finite thermoviscoplasticity: a physical approach based on nonlinear rheological models. Int. J. Plast. 16(5), 469–494 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0749-6419(99)00038-8
Mahnken, R., Shaban, A., Potente, H., Wilke, L.: Thermoviscoplastic modelling of asymmetric effects for polymers at large strains. Int. J. Solids Struct. 45(17), 4615–4628 (2008). doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2008.03.033
Manach, P.Y., Favier, D., Rio, G.: Finite element simulations of internal stresses generated during the pseudoelastic deformation of NiTi bodies. J. Phys. C 1(6), 244–253 (1996)
Martinez, J., Boukamel, A., Méo, S., Lejeunes, S.: Statistical approach for a hyper-visco-plastic model for filled rubber: Experimental characterization and numerical modeling. Eur. J. Mech. A, Solids 30(6), 1028–1039 (2011). doi:10.1016/j.euromechsol.2011.06.013
Mitra, S., Ghanbari-Siahkali, A., Kingshott, P., Almdal, K., Rehmeier, H., Christensen, A.: Chemical degradation of fluoroelastomer in alkaline environment. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 83, 195–206 (2004). doi:10.1016/S0141-3910(03)00235-0
Mullins, L.: Softening of rubber by deformations. Rubber Chem. Technol. 42, 339–362 (1969)
Pouriayevali, H., Arabnejad, S., Guo, Y., Shim, V.: A constitutive description of the rate-sensitive response of semi-crystalline polymers. Int. J. Impact Eng. 62, 35–47 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.05.002
Rey, T., Chagnon, G., Cam, J.B.L., Favier, D.: Influence of the temperature on the mechanical behaviour of filled and unfilled silicone rubbers. Polym. Test. 32(3), 492–501 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2013.01.008
Rio, G., Manach, P.Y., Favier, D.: Finite element simulation of 3D mechanical behaviour of NiTi shape memory alloys. Arch. Mech. 47(3), 537–556 (1995)
Shaw, J.A., Jones, A.S., Wineman, A.S.: Chemorheological response of elastomers at elevated temperatures: Experiments and simulations. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 53, 2758–2793 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2005.07.004
SiDoLo: Simulation et Identification Automatique de Lois de Comportement (SiDoLo) (2008). P. Pilvin, User Manual: LIMATB-UBS edn
Spetz, G.: Review of test methods for determination of low-temperature properties of elastomers. Polym. Test. 9, 27–37 (1989)
Treloar, L.: The Physics of Rubber Elasticity. Clarendon, Oxford (1975)
Vandenbroucke, A., Laurent, H., Hocine, N.A., Rio, G.: A Hyperelasto-Visco-Hysteresis model for an elastomeric behaviour: experimental and numerical investigations. Comput. Mater. Sci. 48(3), 495–503 (2010). doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.02.012
Wack, B., Terriez, J.M., Guelin, P.: A hereditary type, discrete memory, constitutive equation with applications to simple geometries. Acta Mech. 50(1–2), 9–37 (1983). doi:10.1007/BF01170438
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Brittany Region for providing financial support under the reference “Comportement ThermoMécanique des Elastomères-06007499-07009131-08008174”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Laurent, H., Rio, G., Vandenbroucke, A. et al. Experimental and numerical study on the temperature-dependent behavior of a fluoro-elastomer. Mech Time-Depend Mater 18, 721–742 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-014-9247-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11043-014-9247-3