Abstract
Acoustic emission (AE) data from bending of externally reinforced large scale concrete beams are presented. Emissions from concrete cracking and debonding of carbon fiber reinforced polymer strip are identified in conjunction with other nondestructive testing measurements. It is shown that although the nature of AE signals differs much depending on the actual source, any discrimination between them will not be feasible if the data are not adequately treated as to their propagation path. The reason is that frequency and other waveform characteristics of cracking AE signals start to resemble debonding ones from the external reinforcement as they propagate for additional distance. The phenomenon is verified and strategies to overcome are discussed in order to enable application of simple parameter-based criteria developed in laboratory for the crack mode characterization in large structures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
PJ Shull (ed) (2002) Nondestructive evaluation, theory, techniques and applications. Taylor & Francis, New York
Grosse CU, Ohtsu M (2008) Acoustic emission testing. Springer, Heidelberg
Verstrynge E, Schueremans L, Van Gemert D, Wevers M (2009) Monitoring and predicting masonry’s creep failure with the acoustic emission technique. NDT&E Int 42:518–523
Carpinteri A, Lacidogna G, Niccolini G, Puzzi S (2008) Critical defect size distributions in concrete structures detected by the acoustic emission technique. Meccanica 43:349–363
Karihaloo BL, Ramachandra Murthy A, Iyer NR (2013) Determination of size-independent specific fracture energy of concrete mixes by the tri-linear model. Cem Concr Res 49:82–88
Saliba J, Loukili A, Grondin F, Regoin JP (2013) Identification of damage mechanisms in concrete under high level creep by the acoustic emission technique. Mater Struct. doi:10.1617/s11527-013-0113-6
Calabrese L, Campanella G, Proverbio E (2013) Identification of corrosion mechanisms by univariate and multivariate statistical analysis during long term acoustic emission monitoring on a pre-stressed concrete beam. Corros Sci 73:161–171
Vidya Sagar R, Raghu Prasad BK (2012) A review of recent developments in parametric based acoustic emission techniques applied to concrete structures. Nondestruct Test Eval 27(1):47–68
Invernizzi S, Lacidogna G, Carpinteri A (2013) Particle-based numerical modeling of AE statistics in disordered materials. Meccanica 48:211–220
Van Tittelboom K, De Belie N, Lehmann F, Grosse CU (2012) Acoustic emission analysis for the quantification of autonomous crack healing in concrete. Constr Build Mater 28:333–341
Uddin FAKM, Shigeishi M, Ohtsu M (2006) Fracture mechanics of corrosion cracking in concrete by acoustic emission. Meccanica 41:425–442
Carpinteri A, Xu J, Lacidogna G, Manuello A (2012) Reliable onset time determination and source location of acoustic emissions in concrete structures. Cem Concr Compos 34(4):529–537
Luo X, Haya H, Inaba T, Shiotani T (2006) Seismic diagnosis of railway substructures by using secondary acoustic emission. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 26:1101–1110
Ohtsu M (2010) Recommendation of RILEM TC 212-ACD: acoustic emission and related NDE techniques for crack detection and damage evaluation in concrete: test method for damage qualification of reinforced concrete beams by acoustic emission. Mater Struct 43(9):1183–1186
Ohtsu M (2010) Recommendation of RILEM TC 212-ACD: acoustic emission and related NDE techniques for crack detection and damage evaluation in concrete: test method for classification of active cracks in concrete structures by acoustic emission. Mater Struct 43(9):1187–1189
Shahidan S, Pulin R, Muhamad Bunnori N, Holford KM (2013) Damage classification in reinforced concrete beam by acoustic emission signal analysis. Constr Build Mater 45:78–86
Farhidzadeh A, Dehghan-Niri E, Salamone S, Luna B, Whittaker A (2013) Monitoring crack propagation in reinforced concrete shear walls by acoustic emission. J Struct Eng. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000781
Aggelis DG (2011) Classification of cracking mode in concrete by acoustic emission parameters. Mech Res Commun 38:153–157
Haneef TK, Kumari K, Mukhopadhyay CK, Venkatachalapathy CK, Purnachandra Rao B, Jayakumar T (2013) Influence of fly ash and curing on cracking behavior of concrete by acoustic emission technique. Constr Build Mater 44:342–350
Carpinteri A, Corrado M, Lacidogna G (2013) Heterogeneous materials in compression: correlations between absorbed, released and acoustic emission energies. Eng Fail Anal 33:236–250
Scholey JJ, Wilcox PD, Wisnom MR, Friswell MI (2010) Quantitative experimental measurements of matrix cracking and delamination using acoustic emission. Composites A 41:612–623
Farhidzadeh A, Salamone S, Singla P (2013) A probabilistic approach for damage identification and crack mode classification in reinforced concrete structures. J Intell Mater Syst Struct 24(14):1722–1735
Aggelis DG, Mpalaskas AC, Matikas TE (2013) Investigation of different fracture modes in cement-based materials by acoustic emission. Cem Concr Res 48:1–8
Aggelis DG, Verbruggen S, Tsangouri E, Tysmans T, Van Hemelrijck D (2013) Characterization of mechanical performance of concrete beams with external reinforcement by acoustic emission and digital image correlation. Constr Build Mater 47:1037–1045
Aggelis DG, Shiotani T, Papacharalampopoulos A, Polyzos D (2012) The influence of propagation path on acoustic emission monitoring of concrete. Struct Health Monit 11(3):359–366
Charalambopoulos A, Gergidis LN, Kartalos G (2012) On the gradient elastic wave propagation in cylindrical waveguides with microstructure. Composites B 43(6):2613–2627
Tsinopoulos SV, Verbis JT, Polyzos D (2010) An iterative effective medium approximation for wave dispersion and attenuation predictions in particulate composites. Adv Compos Lett 9(3):193–200
Aggelis DG, Mpalaskas AC, Matikas TE (2013) Acoustic signature of different fracture modes in marble and cementitious materials under flexural load. Mech Res Commun 47:39–43
Aggelis DG, Mpalaskas AC, Ntalakas D, Matikas TE (2012) Effect of wave distortion on acoustic emission characterization of cementitious materials. Constr Build Mater 35:183–190
Polyzos D, Papacharalampopoulos A, Shiotani T, Aggelis DG (2011) Dependence of AE parameters on the propagation distance. J Acoust Emiss 29:57–67
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Aggelis, D.G., Tsangouri, E. & Van Hemelrijck, D. Influence of propagation distance on cracking and debonding acoustic emissions in externally reinforced concrete beams. Meccanica 50, 1167–1175 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-014-9900-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11012-014-9900-6