Skip to main content
Log in

Decay of Correlations and Invariance Principles for Dispersing Billiards with Cusps, and Related Planar Billiard Flows

  • Published:
Journal of Statistical Physics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Following recent work of Chernov, Markarian, and Zhang, it is known that the billiard map for dispersing billiards with zero angle cusps has slow decay of correlations with rate 1/n. Since the collisions inside a cusp occur in quick succession, it is reasonable to expect a much faster decay rate in continuous time. In this paper we prove that the flow is rapid mixing: correlations decay faster than any polynomial rate. A consequence is that the flow admits strong statistical properties such as the almost sure invariance principle, even though the billiard map does not.

The techniques in this paper yield new results for other standard examples in planar billiards, including Bunimovich flowers and stadia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bálint, P., Gouëzel, S.: Limit theorems in the stadium billiard. Commun. Math. Phys. 263, 461–512 (2006)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Bowen, R.: Equilibrium States and the Ergodic Theory of Anosov Diffeomorphisms. Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 470, Springer, Berlin (1975)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Bunimovich, L.A.: The ergodic properties of billiards that are nearly scattering. Sov. Math. Dokl. 14, 1136–1139 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bunimovich, L.A.: On the ergodic properties of some billiards. Funct. Anal. Appl. 8, 73–74 (1974)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Bunimovich, L.A.: On the ergodic properties of nowhere dispersing billiards. Commun. Math. Phys. 65, 295–312 (1979)

    Article  MATH  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Chernov, N.: Decay of correlations and dispersing billiards. J. Statist. Phys. 94, 513–556 (1999)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Chernov, N.: A stretched exponential bound on time correlations for billiard flows. J. Stat. Phys. 127, 21–50 (2007)

    Article  MATH  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  8. Chernov, N., Dolgopyat, D.: Hyperbolic billiards and statistical physics. In: International Congress of Mathematicians, vol. II, Eur. Math. Soc., Zürich, pp. 1679–1704, 2006

  9. Chernov, N., Haskell, C.: Non-uniformly hyperbolic K-systems are Bernoulli. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Syst. 16, 19–44 (1996)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Chernov, N., Markarian, R.: Chaotic Billiards. Mathematical Surveys and Monographs, vol. 127. American Mathematical Society, Providence (2006)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Chernov, N., Markarian, R.: Dispersing billiards with cusps: slow decay of correlations. Commun. Math. Phys. 270, 727–758 (2007)

    Article  MATH  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  12. Chernov, N., Young, L.S.: Decay of correlations for Lorentz gases and hard balls. In: Hard Ball Systems and the Lorentz Gas. Encyclopaedia Math. Sci., vol. 101, pp. 89–120. Springer, Berlin (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Chernov, N.I., Zhang, H.-K.: Billiards with polynomial mixing rates. Nonlinearity 18, 1527–1553 (2005)

    Article  MATH  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Chernov, N.I., Zhang, H.-K.: Improved estimates for correlations in billiards. Commun. Math. Phys. 77, 305–321 (2008)

    ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Dolgopyat, D.: Prevalence of rapid mixing in hyperbolic flows. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Syst. 18, 1097–1114 (1998)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Field, M.J., Melbourne, I., Török, A.: Decay of correlations, central limit theorems and approximation by Brownian motion for compact Lie group extensions. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Syst. 23, 87–110 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Field, M.J., Melbourne, I., Török, A.: Stability of mixing and rapid mixing for hyperbolic flows. Ann. Math. 166, 269–291 (2007)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Markarian, R.: Billiards with polynomial decay of correlations. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Syst. 24, 177–197 (2004)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Melbourne, I.: Rapid decay of correlations for nonuniformly hyperbolic flows. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 359, 2421–2441 (2007)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Melbourne, I.: Decay of correlations for slowly mixing flows. Proc. London Math. Soc. (to appear). doi:10.1112/plms/pdn028

  21. Melbourne, I., Nicol, M.: Almost sure invariance principle for nonuniformly hyperbolic systems. Commun. Math. Phys. 260, 131–146 (2005)

    Article  MATH  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  22. Melbourne, I., Nicol, M.: A vector-valued almost sure invariance principle for hyperbolic dynamical systems. Ann. Probability (to appear)

  23. Melbourne, I., Török, A.: Central limit theorems and invariance principles for time-one maps of hyperbolic flows. Commun. Math. Phys. 229, 57–71 (2002)

    Article  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Melbourne, I., Török, A.: Statistical limit theorems for suspension flows. Israel J. Math. 144, 191–209 (2004)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Ornstein, D., Weiss, B.: On the Bernoulli nature of systems with some hyperbolic structure. Ergodic Theory Dynam. Syst. 18, 441–456 (1998)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Philipp, W., Stout, W.F.: Almost Sure Invariance Principles for Partial Sums of Weakly Dependent Random Variables. Memoirs of the Amer. Math. Soc., vol. 161, Am. Math. Soc., Providence (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Pollicott, M.: On the rate of mixing of Axiom A flows. Invent. Math. 81, 413–426 (1985)

    Article  MATH  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Reháček, J.: On the ergodicity of dispersing billiards. Rand. Comput. Dynam. 3, 35–55 (1995)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Ruelle, D.: Thermodynamic Formalism. Encyclopedia of Math. and its Applications, vol. 5, Addison-Wesley, Reading (1978)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Ruelle, D.: Flows which do not exponentially mix. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 296, 191–194 (1983)

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Sinaĭ, Y.G.: Dynamical systems with elastic reflections. Ergodic properties of dispersing billiards. Usp. Mat. Nauk 25, 141–192 (1970)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Sinaĭ, Y.G.: Gibbs measures in ergodic theory. Russ. Math. Surv. 27, 21–70 (1972)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Wojtkowski, M.: Principles for the design of billiards with nonvanishing Lyapunov exponents. Commun. Math. Phys. 105, 391–414 (1986)

    Article  MATH  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Young, L.-S.: Statistical properties of dynamical systems with some hyperbolicity. Ann. Math. 147, 585–650 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Young, L.-S.: Recurrence times and rates of mixing. Israel J. Math. 110, 153–188 (1999)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Péter Bálint.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Bálint, P., Melbourne, I. Decay of Correlations and Invariance Principles for Dispersing Billiards with Cusps, and Related Planar Billiard Flows. J Stat Phys 133, 435–447 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-008-9623-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10955-008-9623-y

Keywords

Navigation