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Red-Shift Index Concept in Solvent Effects of Chromophore-Substituted Metallophthalocyanines: A Look at the Empirical Relationship of the Macroscopic Properties of the Solute–Solvent Interactions

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Abstract

Solvent effects on the UV/vis spectra of metallopthalocyanines (MPcs) have been interpreted using the red-shift index concept (R s I). The concept connects empirically, direct, experimental, easily accessible optical spectral data, which are explained by considering the differential behavior of the solute–solvent interactions at the ground state and excited state using the spectral values of MPcs along with the derived concept, called the associated solvation energy (ASE). R s I is formulated from three fundamental parameters, which are: ground state electronic absorption spectrum, polarization red-shift and a scaling factor of MPc (N dye) in the respective solvents. The R s I is a reflection of the index value of the chromophore substituent of MPc in the solvent; thus, the concept can be used as a solvatochromic parameter to study a wide range of supramolecular and heterocyclic compounds that can be modified at their periphery or ‘handles’. Particularly, in this study, the concept has been used to rank MPc candidates by using the statistical mean performance of the solvatochromic parameters, which are red shift index, polarizability efficiency and ASE. We hereby review the solvent effects on the UV/vis spectra of substituted and unsubstituted MPcs.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden and scholarship support was provided by the Swedish Institute and KTH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden

    Victor Akpe & Hjalmar Brismar

  2. School of Science and Technology, National Open University of Nigeria, Lagos, Nigeria

    Abimbola Ogunsipe

  3. Department of Chemistry, Collin College, Preston Ridge Campus, Frisco, TX, 75035, USA

    Christian Madu

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  1. Victor Akpe
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  2. Abimbola Ogunsipe
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  3. Christian Madu
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  4. Hjalmar Brismar
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Correspondence to Victor Akpe.

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Akpe, V., Ogunsipe, A., Madu, C. et al. Red-Shift Index Concept in Solvent Effects of Chromophore-Substituted Metallophthalocyanines: A Look at the Empirical Relationship of the Macroscopic Properties of the Solute–Solvent Interactions. J Solution Chem 44, 307–326 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-015-0312-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10953-015-0312-6

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